Natural killer (NK) cell belongs to innate lymphoid cell family that contributes to host immunosurveillance and defense without pre-immunization. Emerging studies have sought to understand the underlying mechanism behind NK cell dysfunction in tumor environments, and provide numerous novel therapeutic targets for tumor treatment. Strategies to enhance functional activities of NK cell have exhibited promising efficacy and favorable tolerance in clinical treatment of tumor patients, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), chimeric antigen receptor NK (CAR-NK) cell, and bi/trispecific killer cell engager (BiKE/TriKE). Immunotherapy targeting NK cell provides remarkable advantages compared to T cell therapy, including a decreased rate of graft versus-host disease (GvHD) and neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, advanced details on how to support the maintenance and function of NK cell to obtain better response rate and longer duration still remain to be elucidated. This review systematically summarizes the profound role of NK cells in tumor development, highlights up-to-date advances and current challenges of therapy targeting NK cell in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies.

中文翻译：

---

靶向自然杀伤细胞：从基础生物学到血液恶性肿瘤的临床应用

自然杀伤（NK）细胞属于先天性淋巴细胞家族，有助于宿主免疫监视和防御，无需预先免疫。新兴研究试图了解肿瘤环境中 NK 细胞功能障碍背后的潜在机制，并为肿瘤治疗提供许多新的治疗靶点。增强NK细胞功能活性的策略在肿瘤患者的临床治疗中表现出良好的疗效和良好的耐受性，例如免疫检查点阻断（ICB）、嵌合抗原受体NK（CAR-NK）细胞和双/三特异性杀伤细胞接合剂。 BiKE/TriKE）。与 T 细胞疗法相比，靶向 NK 细胞的免疫疗法具有显着的优势，包括降低移植物抗宿主病 (GvHD) 和神经毒性的发生率。然而，如何支持 NK 细胞的维持和功能以获得更好的反应率和更长的持续时间的高级细节仍有待阐明。该综述系统总结了 NK 细胞在肿瘤发生发展中的深远作用，重点介绍了 NK 细胞靶向治疗在血液恶性肿瘤临床治疗中的最新进展和当前面临的挑战。