Farming and agriculture are the oldest professions, but they are adapting to the technology revolution to accommodate the world’s growing population. UAV technology is part of the agriculture revolution, which aims to boost crop yields, properly monitor fields, and handle manpower shortages and resource efficiency. Rural India’s tiny farmers cannot afford UAV technology; therefore, it has not yet spread. Payload capacity, endurance, and selective spraying are other considerations. Thus, a low-cost, long-lasting UAV is necessary. This study modified the arm assembly to create a cheap hexacopter UAV. The endurance increased by 10% when 1.5 kg was lost. ABS plastic was used to make the modular arm. For working loads of 9 kg and 10 kg, pesticide/fertilizer spraying saves time, money, and manpower. Thus, a pressure-area coverage-cone angle connection is needed. This study examined spray patterns at different pressures and heights by varying flat fan nozzle and complete cone nozzle orifice diameters. These factors were linked, helping farmers choose the right nozzle. This nozzle was installed in the UAV and field-tested for paddy crops, showing a significant production improvement and lower operational cost. Chemical use pollutes and leaves traces in produce. Precision farming with artificial intelligence (AI) has solved this problem. In this experiment, AI algorithms were used to lemon leaves. Three AI systems were tested on different datasets to forecast plant stress by analyzing leaves due to technical constraints. CNN’s accuracy and computing speed make it ideal for precision farming. This work’s UAV was 30% cheaper than commercial UAVs and had more durability. Farmers will also benefit from the flat fan and complete cone nozzles’ pressure-area coverage connection.

中文翻译：

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精准农业多旋翼无人机的设计、多视角研究与性能分析

农业是最古老的职业，但它们正在适应技术革命，以适应世界不断增长的人口。无人机技术是农业革命的一部分，旨在提高农作物产量、正确监测田地、解决人力短缺问题和提高资源效率。印度农村的小农无力承担无人机技术；因此，它还没有传播。有效负载能力、耐久性和选择性喷洒是其他考虑因素。因此，需要一种低成本、持久的无人机。这项研究修改了手臂组件，以制造出廉价的六轴飞行器无人机。减重1.5公斤，耐力增加10%。ABS 塑料用于制造模块化手臂。对于9公斤和10公斤的工作负载，喷洒农药/肥料可以节省时间、金钱和人力。因此，需要压力面积覆盖锥角连接。这项研究通过改变扁平扇形喷嘴和完整的锥形喷嘴孔直径，检查了不同压力和高度下的喷雾模式。这些因素相互关联，帮助农民选择合适的喷嘴。该喷嘴安装在无人机上并针对水稻作物进行了田间测试，结果显示产量显着提高并降低了运营成本。化学品的使用会污染农产品并留下痕迹。人工智能（AI）精准农业解决了这个问题。在这个实验中，人工智能算法被用于柠檬叶。由于技术限制，三个人工智能系统在不同的数据集上进行了测试，通过分析叶子来预测植物胁迫。CNN 的准确性和计算速度使其成为精准农业的理想选择。该作品的无人机比商用无人机便宜30%，并且具有更强的耐用性。农民还将受益于扁平风扇和完整的锥形喷嘴的压力区域覆盖连接。