Patients with asthma have an increased risk of being hospitalised for pneumonia. For example, in a study based on the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe data set, Ekbom et al found that adults with asthma had a more than three times higher risk (HR (3.35 (95% CI 1.97 to 5.02)) of hospitalisation for pneumonia than non-asthmatics.1 Kankaanranta et al also found a high incidence of pneumonia in people with asthma when using data from the National Finnish Register of Health Care.2 In that study, the incidence of pneumonia was higher in those with more severe asthma than in the group with non-severe disease. Likewise, Ekbom et al found that more symptomatic individuals with asthma were more likely to be hospitalised for pneumonia than those with fewer symptoms.1 International guidelines recommend that mild asthma should not be treated solely with short-acting β2-agonist (SABA). Instead, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), often combined with a long-acting beta-2-agonist—formoterol—are now part of treating all severity stages in asthma.3 The rationale is that targeting inflammation is important as studies even in mild asthma have shown that treatment with ICS in combination with formoterol reduces severe exacerbations …

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ICS 治疗是否会增加哮喘患者患肺炎的风险？

哮喘患者因肺炎住院的风险增加。例如，在一项基于北欧呼吸健康数据集的研究中，Ekbom 等人发现患有哮喘的成年人因肺炎住院的风险 (HR (3.35 (95% CI 1.97 to 5.02))) 高出三倍以上1 Kankaanranta 等人在使用芬兰国家卫生保健登记册的数据时还发现，哮喘患者肺炎的发病率较高。2 在该研究中，哮喘较严重的患者的肺炎发病率高于哮喘患者。同样，Ekbom 等人发现，症状较多的哮喘患者比症状较少的患者更有可能因肺炎住院。1 国际指南建议，轻度哮喘不应仅采用短期治疗。相反，吸入性皮质类固醇 (ICS) 通常与长效 β2 激动剂（福莫特罗）联合使用，现在已成为治疗哮喘所有严重阶段的一部分。3 其基本原理是，针对炎症是治疗哮喘的关键。重要的是，即使是轻度哮喘的研究也表明，ICS 与福莫特罗联合治疗可减少严重哮喘加重……