Congenital cholesteatoma is a rare, non-neoplastic lesion that causes conductive hearing loss in children. It is underrecognized and often diagnosed only when there is an established hearing deficit. In the pediatric population, hearing deficiency is particularly detrimental because it can impede speech and language development and, in turn, the social and academic well-being of affected children. Delayed diagnosis leads to advanced disease that requires more extensive surgery and a greater chance of recurrence. A need to promote awareness and recognition of this condition has been advocated by clinicians and surgeons, but no comprehensive imaging review dedicated to this entity has been performed. This review aims to discuss the diagnostic utility of high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative and postoperative settings in congenital cholesteatoma. Detailed emphasis is placed on the essential preoperative computed tomography findings that facilitate individualized surgical management and prognosis in the pediatric population.

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中文翻译：

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先天性胆脂瘤：放射科医生需要了解什么

先天性胆脂瘤是一种罕见的非肿瘤性病变，会导致儿童传导性听力损失。它未被充分认识，并且通常仅在已确定的听力缺陷时才被诊断出来。在儿科人群中，听力缺陷尤其有害，因为它会阻碍言语和语言的发展，进而阻碍受影响儿童的社会和学业福祉。延迟诊断会导致疾病进展，需要更广泛的手术并且复发的可能性更大。临床医生和外科医生提倡需要提高对这种情况的认识和认识，但尚未针对该实体进行全面的影像学审查。本综述旨在讨论高分辨率计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像在先天性胆脂瘤术前和术后的诊断效用。详细重点放在重要的术前计算机断层扫描结果上，以促进儿科人群的个体化手术管理和预后。

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