The year 1891 is considered as a historic year in chemical science due to the introduction of novel heterocyclic compounds by P. Biginelli. The classical Biginelli reaction offers 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones in occupancy of acids like Broansted and Lewis. Multifaceted Dihydropyrimidones (DHPMs) have gained much importance due to their high biological activities. Several nanoparticles, zeolites and metal compounds are disclosed to improve the yield of this product. This review subsumes the evolution and effectiveness of catalysts. It summarises the main synthetic routes which are known to obtain DHPMs using these catalysts. The majority of these catalysts delivered satisfying catalytic activity which was more than 80% in the vicinity of producing Biginelli adducts. We hope this review article will be useful to researchers in terms of obtaining higher yields in a shorter time using easily available and reusable catalysts.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米粒子、沸石和金属化合物作为催化剂的 Biginelli 反应的最新进展：简要回顾

由于 P. Biginelli 引入了新型杂环化合物，1891 年被认为是化学科学历史性的一年。经典的 Biginelli 反应在 Broansted 和 Lewis 等酸的占据中提供 3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮/硫酮。多面二氢嘧啶酮（DHPM）由于其高生物活性而变得非常重要。公开了几种纳米颗粒、沸石和金属化合物来提高该产品的产率。本综述涵盖了催化剂的演变和有效性。它总结了已知使用这些催化剂获得 DHPM 的主要合成路线。这些催化剂中的大多数都表现出令人满意的催化活性，在产生 Biginelli 加合物的附近超过 80%。我们希望这篇综述文章对研究人员使用易于获得和可重复使用的催化剂在更短的时间内获得更高的产率有所帮助。