Background: Iron deficiency and iron-related disorders are common health issues worldwide, affecting a significant proportion of the population. Diagnosis and management of these disorders rely heavily on using various iron-related biomarkers that can provide valuable clinical information. Objective: This review article provides an overview of the most commonly used iron-related biomarkers, including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor, zinc protoporphyrin, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Other emerging biomarkers, such as hepcidin and retinol-binding protein 4, are also discussed. Results: Iron plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. The article highlights the advantages and limitations of iron biomarkers and their clinical applications in diagnosing and managing iron deficiency and iron-related anemia. Conclusion: Using iron-related biomarkers in screening and monitoring programs can improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

中文翻译：

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铁相关生物标志物在铁疾病诊断和治疗中的应用

背景：缺铁和与铁相关的疾病是全世界常见的健康问题，影响很大一部分人口。这些疾病的诊断和治疗在很大程度上依赖于使用各种与铁相关的生物标志物，这些生物标志物可以提供有价值的临床信息。目的：这篇综述文章概述了最常用的铁相关生物标志物，包括血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、锌原卟啉和游离红细胞原卟啉。还讨论了其他新兴生物标志物，例如铁调素和视黄醇结合蛋白 4。结果：铁在各种生理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，包括氧运输、能量代谢和 DNA 合成。本文重点介绍了铁生物标志物的优点和局限性及其在诊断和治疗缺铁和铁相关性贫血方面的临床应用。结论：在筛查和监测项目中使用铁相关生物标志物可以改善患者的治疗结果并降低医疗成本。