Background: Nunavut is a northern Canadian territory in Inuit Nunangat (Inuit homeland in Canada). Approximately 85% of the population identifies as Inuit. A high proportion of infants in Nunavut are admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) but previous studies have been limited in regional and/or short duration of coverage. This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate, microbiology and outcomes of ARI hospitalizations in Nunavut infants. Methods: We conducted chart reviews with a retrospective cohort of infants aged <1 year from Nunavut at six Canadian hospitals, including two regional and four tertiary pediatric hospitals January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2020. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: We identified 1189 ARI admissions of infants during the study period, with an incidence rate of 133.9 per 1000 infants per year (95% confidence interval (CI): 126.8, 141.3). Of these admissions, 56.0% (n=666) were to regional hospitals alone, 72.3% (n=860) involved hospitalization outside of Nunavut, 15.6% (n=185) were admitted into intensive care, and 9.2% (n=109) underwent mechanical ventilation. Of the 730 admissions with a pathogen identified, 45.8% had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n=334), for a yearly incidence rate of 37.8 hospitalizations per 1000 infants (95% CI: 33.9, 42.1). Among RSV hospitalizations, 41.1% (n=138) were infants 0-2 months of age and 32.1% (n=108) were > 6months. Interpretation: Understanding the high burden of ARI among Nunavut infants can inform health policy and serve as a baseline for assessing the impact of any new interventions targeting infant ARIs.

中文翻译：

---

努纳武特地区婴儿急性呼吸道感染入院情况和呼吸道合胞病毒负担：地区和三级医院的 10 年回顾

背景：努勒维特是加拿大北部因纽特人努南加特（加拿大因纽特人故乡）的领土。大约 85% 的人口被认为是因纽特人。努纳武特地区很大一部分婴儿因急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 入院，但之前的研究仅限于区域性和/或覆盖持续时间较短。本研究旨在评估努纳武特地区婴儿 ARI 住院的发生率、微生物学和结果。方法：我们对 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 6 月 30 日期间在六家加拿大医院（包括两家地区医院和四家三级儿科医院）的努纳武特地区 1 岁以下婴儿的回顾性队列进行了图表审查。进行了描述性统计和多变量逻辑回归。结果：我们在研究期间确定了 1189 例 ARI 入院婴儿，发病率为每年每 1000 名婴儿 133.9 例（95% 置信区间 (CI)：126.8，141.3）。在这些入院病例中，56.0% (n=666) 仅在地区医院就诊，72.3% (n=860) 在努纳武特地区以外住院，15.6% (n=185) 住进重症监护室，9.2% (n=109) 住进重症监护室）接受机械通气。在 730 例确诊病原体的入院病例中，45.8% 患有呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV；n=334），年发病率为每 1000 名婴儿 37.8 例住院（95% CI：33.9，42.1）。在 RSV 住院治疗中，41.1% (n=138) 为 0-2 个月大的婴儿，32.1% (n=108) 为 6 个月以上的婴儿。解释：了解努纳武特地区婴儿急性呼吸道感染的高负担可以为卫生政策提供信息，并作为评估针对婴儿急性呼吸道感染的任何新干预措施影响的基线。