Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.

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探测胶体结构和动力学的同步加速器散射方法的最新进展

综述了基于同步加速器的X射线散射方法应用于胶体科学的最新进展。这些技术的一个重要优点是它们能够在所需的热物理和流变条件下对胶体系统进行原位研究。尽管是在倒易空间中，但可以导出集合平均同时结构和动力学信息。X 射线源亮度的显着改进和探测器技术的进步克服了过去的一些限制。值得注意的是，相干 X 射线散射技术已变得更具竞争力，它们为基于实验室的实空间方法提供了补充信息。对于具有足够散射对比度的系统，尺寸范围从纳米到几微米，时间尺度低至微秒，现在可以进行 X 射线散射研究。各种各样的样品环境可以与散射实验相结合，进一步丰富了可以通过先进的 X 射线散射仪器进行研究的科学。其中一些最新进展通过代表性示例进行说明。为了从散射数据中获取定量信息，需要严格的数据分析或建模。开发强大的计算工具（包括人工智能的使用）已成为新兴趋势。