This research brings novel information regarding the floral traits and pollinator groups of aquatic macrophytes. Classifying functional traits and pollinator groups contributes to understanding reproductive processes, community structuring, and ecosystem functioning. Based on an extensive survey of information on 524 species of aquatic macrophyte angiosperms from the Pantanal wetland, we classified the floral traits of these species to identify their potential group of pollinators and how these traits are distributed throughout the botanical families of aquatic plants. We classified their life forms, floral traits (flower type, color, and resource), and main pollinator groups. We also investigated trends, plotting the occurrence of species throughout the phylogeny of angiosperm families, and using a network of interactions, we verified how interactions with different groups of pollinators are distributed within species traits. As a result, the species of aquatic macrophytes in the Pantanal are well distributed within the phylogeny, indicating that they may be more related to ecological than phylogenetic factors. We found a high diversity of floral traits and pollinator groups, predominating white flowers, providing nectar as a resource, and bees as their primary pollinators. Although bees were the main group of pollinators, we also found abiotic interactions linked to the species richness in Poaceae and Cyperaceae, with pollination system mainly performed by wind. Our research represents a first step towards identifying key information gaps. Future studies should focus on understanding traits to fill this gap, besides information on ecological interactions with potential pollinators and species phenology.

中文翻译：

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潘塔纳尔湿地水生植物的高花性状多样性揭示了不同的授粉策略

这项研究带来了有关水生大型植物的花性状和传粉媒介群体的新信息。对功能性状和传粉媒介群体进行分类有助于了解生殖过程、群落结构和生态系统功能。基于对潘塔纳尔湿地 524 种水生大型植物被子植物信息的广泛调查，我们对这些物种的花性状进行了分类，以确定其潜在的传粉媒介群体以及这些性状如何在水生植物科中分布。我们对它们的生命形式、花性状（花型、颜色和资源）和主要传粉媒介群体进行了分类。我们还研究了趋势，绘制了整个被子植物科系统发育中物种的出现情况，并使用相互作用网络，验证了与不同传粉媒介群体的相互作用如何在物种性状中分布。因此，潘塔纳尔湿地的水生植物物种在系统发育中分布良好，表明它们与生态因素的相关性可能比系统发育因素的相关性更大。我们发现花卉性状和传粉者群体高度多样化，以白花为主，提供花蜜作为资源，蜜蜂作为主要传粉者。尽管蜜蜂是主要的传粉媒介，但我们还发现了与禾本科和莎草科物种丰富度相关的非生物相互作用，授粉系统主要通过风进行。我们的研究代表了识别关键信息差距的第一步。除了与潜在授粉媒介和物种物候学的生态相互作用的信息之外，未来的研究还应侧重于了解填补这一空白的性状。