In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the immune system cells (ISC) synthesize molecules to regulate inflammation, a process needed to regenerate muscle. The relationship between those molecules and the muscle injury is unknown. Monocytes belonging to ISC are regulated by omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) in DMD, but whether those fatty acids influence other ISC like T-cells is unknown. We analyzed the expression of the muscle regeneration markers ( and ) in circulating leukocytes of DMD patients with different lower limb muscle functions and whether ω-3 LCPUFAs regulate the expression of those markers, and the populations of circulating T-cells, their intracellular cytokines, and disease progression (CD69 and CD49d) markers. This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study was conducted in DMD boys supplemented with ω-3 LCPUFAs ( = 18) or placebo (sunflower oil, = 13) for six months. and mRNA expression in leukocytes, immunophenotyping of T-cell populations, CD49d and CD69 markers, and intracellular cytokines in blood samples were analyzed at baseline and months 1, 2, 3, and 6 of supplementation. Patients with assisted ambulation expressed higher ( 0.015) mRNA levels than ambulatory patients. The mRNA expression correlated ( = -0.526, = 0.03) with the Vignos scale score at month six of supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFAs. CD49d + CD8 + T-cells population was lower ( 0.037) in the ω −3 LCPUFAs group than placebo at month six of supplementation. is highly expressed in circulating leukocytes of DMD patients with the worst muscle function. Omega-3 LCPUFAs might modulate the synthesis of the adhesion marker CD49d + CD8 + T-cells, but their plausible impact on needs more research.

中文翻译：

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肌肉再生标记物 FOXP3 与杜氏肌营养不良症的肌肉损伤相关

在杜氏肌营养不良症 (DMD) 中，免疫系统细胞 (ISC) 合成分子来调节炎症，这是肌肉再生所需的过程。这些分子与肌肉损伤之间的关系尚不清楚。属于 ISC 的单核细胞受到 DMD 中 omega-3 脂肪酸 (ω-3 LCPUFA) 的调节，但这些脂肪酸是否影响其他 ISC（如 T 细胞）尚不清楚。我们分析了不同下肢肌肉功能的 DMD 患者循环白细胞中肌肉再生标志物 ( 和 ) 的表达，以及 ω-3 LCPUFA 是否调节这些标志物的表达，以及循环 T 细胞群、其细胞内细胞因子、和疾病进展（CD69 和 CD49d）标记物。这项安慰剂对照、双盲、随机研究在 DMD 男孩中进行，补充了 ω-3 LCPUFA (= 18) 或安慰剂（葵花籽油，= 13），为期六个月。在基线和补充后的第 1、2、3 和 6 个月，分析了白细胞中的白细胞和 mRNA 表达、T 细胞群的免疫表型、CD49d 和 CD69 标记物以及血液样本中的细胞内细胞因子。辅助行走患者的 mRNA 水平高于行走患者 (0.015)。补充 ω-3 LCPUFA 第六个月时，mRNA 表达与 Vignos 量表评分相关（= -0.526，= 0.03）。在补充的第六个月，ω -3 LCPUFAs 组中的 CD49d + CD8 + T 细胞数量低于安慰剂组 (0.037)。在肌肉功能最差的 DMD 患者的循环白细胞中高表达。 Omega-3 LCPUFA 可能会调节粘附标记 CD49d + CD8 + T 细胞的合成，但其合理的影响需要更多研究。