This paper examines the impact of high‐fatality school shootings on the subsequent outcomes of the survivors of those events. We focus specifically on the shootings at Columbine High School (Littleton, CO), Sandy Hook Elementary (Newtown, CT), and Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL). We assess the subsequent educational record, including attendance and test scores, and the long‐term health consequences of surviving students. In all analyses, we treat the timing and location of these events as random, enabling us to identify causal effects. Our results indicate that these high‐fatality school shootings led to substantial reductions in attendance and test scores. These educational effects appear to be larger than the effects of shootings with fewer fatalities estimated by others. Children who survived the Columbine shooting were more likely to die by age 30, particularly among boys. They experienced higher levels of suicide and accidental poisonings (overdoses).

中文翻译：

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高死亡率校园枪击事件对幸存学生的后果

本文探讨了高死亡率校园枪击事件对这些事件幸存者的后续结果的影响。我们特别关注哥伦拜恩高中（科罗拉多州利特尔顿）、桑迪胡克小学（康涅狄格州纽敦）和马乔里·斯通曼·道格拉斯高中（佛罗里达州帕克兰）的枪击事件。我们评估随后的教育记录，包括出勤率和考试成绩，以及幸存学生的长期健康后果。在所有分析中，我们将这些事件的时间和地点视为随机的，使我们能够识别因果影响。我们的结果表明，这些高死亡率的校园枪击事件导致出勤率和考试成绩大幅下降。这些教育效果似乎比其他人估计的死亡人数较少的枪击事件的效果更大。哥伦拜恩枪击事件中幸存的儿童更有可能在 30 岁时死亡，尤其是男孩。他们的自杀率和意外中毒（服药过量）率较高。