Phytoplasmas are phloem‐restricted plant‐pathogenic bacteria transmitted by insects. They cause diseases in a wide range of host plants, resulting in significant economic and ecological losses worldwide. Research on phytoplasmas has a long history, with significant progress being made in the past 30 years. Notably, with the rapid development of phytoplasma research, scientists have identified the primary agents involved in phytoplasma transmission, established classification and detection systems for phytoplasmas, and 243 genomes have been sequenced and assembled completely or to draft quality. Multiple possible phytoplasma effectors have been investigated, elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which phytoplasmas manipulate their hosts. This review summarizes recent advances in phytoplasma research, including identification techniques, host range studies, whole‐ or draft‐genome sequencing, effector pathogenesis and disease control methods. Additionally, future research directions in the field of phytoplasma research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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植原体：农业生产中不可忽视的植物病原菌——研究进展与展望

植原体是由昆虫传播的韧皮部限制的植物病原菌。它们在多种寄主植物中引起疾病​​，在全世界造成重大经济和生态损失。植原体的研究有着悠久的历史，近30年来取得了重大进展。值得注意的是，随着植原体研究的快速发展，科学家已经鉴定出参与植原体传播的主要因子，建立了植原体分类和检测系统，243个基因组已完成测序和组装或达到草稿质量。已经研究了多种可能的植原体效应子，阐明了植原体操纵宿主的分子机制。本综述总结了植原体研究的最新进展，包括鉴定技术、宿主范围研究、全基因组或草图基因组测序、效应子发病机制和疾病控制方法。此外，还讨论了植原体研究领域的未来研究方向。