Background:Pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer with a dismal prognosis and few therapeutic options, especially in the pretreated setting. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors as single agents yielded interesting results in refractory pleural mesothelioma, achieving a response rate between 10-20%, median progression-free survival of 2-5 months and median overall survival of 7-13 months.Patients and methods:A retrospective, multi-institutional study of pleural mesothelioma patients treated with nivolumab in second and further line was performed. The endpoints of the study are response rate, disease control rate, progression free survival and overall survival.Results:Sixty-five patients with pleural mesothelioma treated with nivolumab in second and further line were enrolled at seven Italian institutions. The response rate was 8%, disease control rate was 37%, median progression free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.9-9.0) and median overall survival was 11.1 (95% CI 6.2-19.9) months. A higher neutrophils and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio at baseline were associated with worse prognosis.Conclusion:Nivolumab as a single agent is fairly active in a cohort of unselected pretreated pleural mesothelioma patients. Further investigations on clinical and translational factors are needed to define which patient might benefit most from nivolumab treatment in pleural mesothelioma.

中文翻译：

---

纳武单抗治疗胸膜间皮瘤：对 AIFA 5% 基金治疗患者进行的一项观察性真实世界研究的结果

背景：胸膜间皮瘤是一种罕见的癌症，预后不佳，治疗选择很少，特别是在经过治疗的情况下。使用检查点抑制剂作为单一药物的免疫疗法在难治性胸膜间皮瘤中取得了有趣的结果，缓解率在 10-20% 之间，中位无进展生存期为 2-5 个月，中位总生存期为 7-13 个月。 患者和方法：A对接受二线及二线纳武单抗治疗的胸膜间皮瘤患者进行了回顾性、多机构研究。研究的终点是缓解率、疾病控制率、无进展生存期和总生存期。 结果：七家意大利机构招募了 65 名接受二线及二线纳武利尤单抗治疗的胸膜间皮瘤患者。有效率为 8%，疾病控制率为 37%，中位无进展生存期为 5.7 个月（95% CI：2.9-9.0），中位总生存期为 11.1（95% CI 6.2-19.9）个月。基线时较高的中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比率与较差的预后相关。结论：纳武单抗作为单药在一组未经选择的预先治疗的胸膜间皮瘤患者中相当活跃。需要对临床和转化因素进行进一步研究，以确定哪些患者可能从纳武单抗治疗胸膜间皮瘤中获益最多。