Grounded in the theory of reasoned action, this research aims to integrate self-interest and pro-social motive variables to identify the effective conditions that influence tourists’ ethical behaviors when participating in animal-related tourism activities. Innovative statistical methods, specifically Generalized Structured Component Analysis Measurement Errors Incorporated and Necessary Condition Analysis, were used to verify a theoretical framework and identify necessary and/or sufficient conditions that contribute to tourists’ behavioral intentions (BIs) for ethical animal tourism. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this study considered animal welfare literacy and concern for animal abuse in tourism as moderators. A subgroup analysis was conducted using a rigorous methodological procedure, revealing four categories of predictive variables: necessary and sufficient, necessary but insufficient, unnecessary but sufficient, and unnecessary and insufficient. The results of the study demonstrated that a sense of moral obligation to engage in ethical animal-related tourism was a necessary and sufficient condition for BI among tourists.

中文翻译：

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调查与动物有关的道德旅游行为的形成：一种自利和亲社会的理论方法

本研究以理性行动理论为基础，旨在整合自利和亲社会动机变量，以确定影响游客参与动物相关旅游活动时伦理行为的有效条件。创新的统计方法，特别是广义结构化成分分析测量误差和必要条件分析，用于验证理论框架并确定有助于游客道德动物旅游行为意图（BI）的必要和/或充分条件。为了提供全面的理解，本研究考虑了动物福利素养和对旅游业虐待动物的关注作为调节因素。使用严格的方法程序进行亚组分析，揭示四类预测变量：必要且充分、必要但不充分、不必要但充分以及不必要和不充分。研究结果表明，参与与动物有关的道德旅游的道德义务感是游客进行 BI 的充分必要条件。