Infilled lakes are a prevalent geomorphic feature in the intricate high mountain landscape of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Despite their apparent geomorphic, hydrological, and ecological importance, a systematic inventory of these areas has been lacking. This study presents an inventory of infilled lakes in the Cordillera Blanca. A total of 962 infilled lake polygons have been manually mapped, covering an area of nearly 90 km2 (the area of individual mapped polygons ranges from 0.001 km2 to 1.760 km2), more than double the area of existing lakes (40 km2) and the majority of flat areas (62% of areas with slope ≤5°). The study reveals that infilled bedrock-dammed lakes are the most common type (42%), while moraine-dammed lakes account for the majority of the infilled lake area (52%) and sediment volume (52% to 57%). Considering high uncertainty of infilled basins’ morphology, the estimated sediment volume of infilled lakes ranges between 0.9 km3 and 2.3 km3 (compared to 0.79 km3 to 1.15 km3 of water stored in existing lakes). The case study of Lake Aguascocha catchment reveals a mean sediment yield of 0.64 to 1.63∙106 m3∙km−2 during the past 10.7 ± 0.3 ka, that is, a mean annual sediment yield of 58.5 to 156.4 m3∙km−2∙yr−1. Furthermore, 65 locations where preserved geomorphic evidence indicates possible outburst floods in the past are identified. These areas are particularly important for understanding patterns of lake outburst occurrence on longer timescales than traditionally considered in lake outburst flood hazard studies. The dataset presented in this study is intended to serve as a basis for identifying sites suitable for further site-specific paleo-geographical, sedimentological, geochronological as well as broader mountain landscape evolution studies.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁布兰卡山脉的填充湖泊（潘帕斯）：库存、沉积物储存和古爆发

填充湖是秘鲁布兰卡山脉错综复杂的高山景观中普遍存在的地貌特征。尽管这些地区具有明显的地貌、水文和生态重要性，但仍缺乏对这些地区的系统清查。这项研究列出了布兰卡山脉的填充湖泊清单。手动绘制了962个填充湖泊多边形，面积近90平方公里2（各个映射多边形的面积范围为 0.001 km2至 1.760 公里2），是现有湖泊面积的两倍多（40平方公里2）和大部分平坦区域（62% 坡度≤5°的区域）。研究表明，填充型基岩堰塞湖是最常见的类型（42%），而冰碛堰塞湖占填充湖面积（52%）和沉积物体积（52%至57%）的大部分。考虑到填充盆地形态的高度不确定性，填充湖泊的沉积量估计范围在 0.9 km 之间3和 2.3 公里3（相比 0.79 公里3至 1.15 公里3现有湖泊中储存的水量）。阿瓜斯科查湖流域的案例研究表明，平均沉积物产量为 0.64 至 1.63∙106米3∙公里−2过去10.7±0.3ka，即年平均产沙量58.5～156.4m3∙公里−2∙年−1。此外，还确定了 65 个保存完好的地貌证据表明过去可能发生洪水泛滥的地点。这些区域对于了解比湖泊溃决洪水灾害研究中传统考虑的时间尺度更长的湖泊溃决发生模式尤其重要。本研究中提供的数据集旨在作为确定适合进一步进行特定地点古地理、沉积学、地质年代学以及更广泛的山地景观演化研究的地点的基础。