This study analyses the working conditions of highly educated mobile workers in five major European Union (EU) markets. The study uses the overeducation indicator, analyzing its transformation over the period 2005–2016. Using annual data from the European Union Labour Force Survey, the results reveal very different conditions between home country nationals and mobile workers from newer (enlargement)—EU-13—and older—EU-15—member states from the perspective of successful economic and social integration. The EU enlargement process has not completely removed the penalty for educated workers from EU-13 countries, but it has significantly reduced it, as has the premium received by mobile workers from other EU-15 member states, thus leading to their better integration and greater equality.

中文翻译：

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2005-2016 年欧盟内部受过高等教育的流动工人的过度教育模式：扩大、金融危机和流动性

本研究分析了欧盟 (EU) 五个主要市场中受过高等教育的移动工作者的工作条件。该研究使用过度教育指标，分析了其在2005年至2016年期间的转变。使用欧盟劳动力调查的年度数据，结果揭示了从成功的经济和社会发展角度来看，母国国民与来自新（扩大的）欧盟 13 成员国和老欧盟 15 成员国的流动工人之间的状况存在很大差异。社会融合。欧盟东扩进程并没有完全消除对来自欧盟 13 国受过教育的工人的惩罚，但它已经显着减少了这种惩罚，就像来自其他欧盟 15 成员国的流动工人所获得的溢价一样，从而使他们更好地融入社会并获得更大的利益。平等。