This study investigates how upward mobility context affects health during transition to adulthood and its variations by race and sex. Using county-level upward mobility measures and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we apply propensity score weighting techniques to examine these relationships. Results show that low upward mobility context increases the likelihood of poor self-rated health, obesity, and cigarette use but decreases alcohol consumption probability. Conversely, high upward mobility context raises the likelihood of distress, chronic conditions, and alcohol use but reduces cigarette use likelihood. In low-opportunity settings, Black individuals have lower risks of chronic conditions and cigarette use than White men. In high-opportunity settings, Black women are more likely to experience depression and chronic conditions, and Black men are likelier to smoke than White men. Our findings emphasize the complex link between upward mobility context and health for different racial and sex groups.

中文翻译：

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向成年过渡期间的向上流动背景以及健康结果和行为：种族和性别的交叉性

本研究调查了向上流动环境如何影响成年过渡期间的健康及其因种族和性别而异。利用县级向上流动性指标和收入动态小组研究的数据，我们应用倾向得分加权技术来检验这些关系。结果表明，向上流动性较低的背景会增加自评健康状况不佳、肥胖和吸烟的可能性，但会降低饮酒的可能性。相反，高向上流动性的环境会增加痛苦、慢性病和饮酒的可能性，但会降低吸烟的可能性。在机会较少的环境中，黑人患慢性病和吸烟的风险低于白人。在机会较多的环境中，黑人女性更容易患抑郁症和慢性病，黑人男性比白人男性更容易吸烟。我们的研究结果强调了不同种族和性别群体的向上流动背景与健康之间的复杂联系。