Objective:Although ADHD is highly heritable, some environmental factors contribute to its development. Given the growing evidence that gut microbiota was involved in psychiatric disorders, we aimed to identify the characteristic composition of the gut microbiota in ADHD.Methods:We recruited 47 medication-naive children and adolescents with ADHD, and 60 healthy controls (HCs). We used shotgun metagenomics to measure the structure of the gut microbiota and analyzed the difference in bacterial taxa between ADHD and HCs.Results:Significant differences were found between the ADHD and HC groups in both alpha diversity indices (Simpson index, p = .025 and Shannon index, p = .049) and beta diversity indices (Euclidean distance, Bray-Curtis distance, and JSD distance, p < 2.2e-16). Nine representative species best explain the difference.Conclusion:Patients with ADHD showed significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota compared with HCs. These results may help identify potential biomarkers of ADHD.

中文翻译：

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宏基因组分析揭示了多动症中肠道微生物群的差异

目的：虽然多动症具有高度遗传性，但一些环境因素也有助于其发生。鉴于越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群与精神疾病有关，我们旨在确定 ADHD 中肠道微生物群的特征组成。方法：我们招募了 47 名未接受药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童和青少年，以及 60 名健康对照 (HC)。我们使用鸟枪法宏基因组学来测量肠道微生物群的结构，并分析 ADHD 和 HC 之间细菌分类群的差异。结果：ADHD 和 HC 组之间的两个 α 多样性指数（Simpson 指数，p = .025 和香农指数，p = .049）和 beta 多样性指数（欧几里德距离、Bray-Curtis 距离和 JSD 距离，p < 2.2e-16）。九个代表性物种最好地解释了这种差异。结论：与正常人相比，多动症患者的肠道菌群组成存在显着差异。这些结果可能有助于识别 ADHD 的潜在生物标志物。