Beliefs in supernatural evils are prevalent among many religions. Prior research has shown that beliefs in supernatural evils were tied to various social and health outcomes. However, much less is known about the political implications of beliefs in supernatural evils. To fill this research void, a national survey of 1,092 adults with oversamples of respondents of Asian or Hispanic heritage was conducted in March 2023. The findings suggest that a stronger belief in demons or evil spirits was associated with more negative views toward President Joe Biden. This demonic effect was robust even after controlling for a variety of religious and sociodemographic variables. Besides being robust, the demonic effect was the strongest among all religiosity measures. In contrast, a main relationship between a stronger belief in demons and greater support for Donald Trump was found. However, this demonic effect was explained by Christian nationalism. Finally, these demonic effects vary based on one’s political party identity.

中文翻译：

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被恶魔统治？探索对恶魔的信仰与公众对唐纳德·特朗普和乔·拜登的态度之间的关系

许多宗教普遍相信超自然邪恶。先前的研究表明，对超自然邪恶的信仰与各种社会和健康结果有关。然而，人们对超自然邪恶信仰的政治影响知之甚少。为了填补这一研究空白，2023 年 3 月对 1,092 名成年人进行了一项全国性调查，其中对亚裔或西班牙裔受访者进行了超样本调查。调查结果表明，对恶魔或邪灵的信仰越强烈，与对乔·拜登总统的负面看法越多相关。即使在控制了各种宗教和社会人口变量之后，这种恶魔效应仍然很强大。除了强大之外，恶魔效果也是所有宗教措施中最强的。相比之下，对恶魔的更强烈的信仰和对唐纳德·特朗普的更大支持之间发现了主要关系。然而，这种恶魔效应可以用基督教民族主义来解释。最后，这些恶魔效应根据一个人的政党身份而有所不同。