Background:Raw, never stored or pasteurized mother’s own milk (MOM) is not always available to feed preterm infants; however, storage and pasteurization of MOM diminishes some bioactive components. It can be difficult to feed raw MOM to preterm infants due to transportation and storage of small volumes that might be pumped away from the infant, and a concern that they might harbor bacteria. However, the higher availability of bioactive components in raw MOM may provide benefits to preterm infants compared to frozen or pasteurized MOM.Research Aim:To systematically review and summarize the results of studies on feeding raw MOM versus frozen or pasteurized MOM to preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation.Methods:Four databases were searched (Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science) for this systematic review. Of 542 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Studies were organized using the Breastfeeding Challenges Facing Preterm Mother–Infant Dyads theoretical framework.Results:Included studies evaluated the outcomes of preterm infants fed raw versus pasteurized MOM ( n = 7, 77.8%) or raw versus frozen MOM ( n = 2, 22.2%). Researchers found that raw MOM did not increase infant infections and may have improved health and growth outcomes for study participants.Conclusion:There is laboratory evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the use of raw MOM for preterm infants. A raw MOM diet is recommended for preterm infants by professional organizations. Despite this, it may not be universally prioritized and could require purposeful implementation by each institution. Further research is needed to pursue the potential benefits of a raw MOM diet for preterm infants.

中文翻译：

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含生母乳和冷冻或巴氏灭菌母乳的早产儿饮食差异的系统评价

背景：生的、从未储存或巴氏灭菌的母乳 (MOM) 并不总是可以用来喂养早产儿；然而，MOM 的储存和巴氏灭菌会减少一些生物活性成分。给早产儿喂食生 MOM 可能很困难，因为运输和储存时可能会从婴儿体内抽出少量的生 MOM，而且担心它们可能含有细菌。然而，与冷冻或巴氏灭菌 MOM 相比，生 MOM 中生物活性成分的可用性更高，可能为早产儿带来益处。 研究目的：系统回顾和总结生 MOM 与冷冻或巴氏灭菌 MOM 喂养早产儿的研究结果妊娠少于 37 周。 方法：为此系统评价检索了四个数据库（Cochrane、Embase、Ovid MEDLINE 和 Web of Science）。在确定的 542 项研究中，有 9 项符合纳入标准，并使用有效公共卫生实践项目的定量研究质量评估工具进行了严格评估。研究是使用“早产儿母婴二元体面临的母乳喂养挑战”理论框架进行的。 结果：纳入的研究评估了生食 MOM 与巴氏灭菌 MOM（n = 7, 77.8%）或生 MOM 与冷冻 MOM（n = 2, 22.2）喂养的早产儿的结局。 %）。研究人员发现，生 MOM 不会增加婴儿感染，并且可能改善研究参与者的健康和生长结果。结论：有实验室证据支持对早产儿使用生 MOM 的安全性和有效性。专业组织建议早产儿采用生妈妈饮食。尽管如此，它可能不会被普遍优先考虑，并且可能需要每个机构有目的地实施。需要进一步的研究来探索生 MOM 饮食对早产儿的潜在益处。