Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is under-recognized in youth and adults with ADHD. SDB may contribute to exacerbating pre-existing ADHD symptoms and may play a role in the development of cognitive deficits that may mimic ADHD symptoms.Method:We conducted a focused review of publications on cross-prevalence, overlapping clinical and neurobiological characteristics and possible mechanisms linking SDB and ADHD.Results:Exiting studies suggest that co-occurrence of SDB and ADHD is as high as 50%, with frequent overlap of clinical symptoms such as distractibility and inattention. Mechanisms linking these conditions may include hypoxia during sleep, sleep fragmentation and activation of inflammation, all of which may affect brain structure and physiology to produce disturbances in attention.Conclusions:The relationship between SDB and ADHD symptoms appear well-supported and suggests that more research is needed to better optimize procedures for SDB assessment in youth being evaluated and/or treated for ADHD.

中文翻译：

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睡眠呼吸障碍和注意力缺陷多动症的风险：支持性证据和拟议的潜在机制的审查

背景：越来越多的证据表明，在患有 ADHD 的青少年和成人中，睡眠呼吸障碍 (SDB) 的认识不足。SDB 可能会加剧先前存在的 ADHD 症状，并可能在可能模仿 ADHD 症状的认知缺陷的发展中发挥作用。 方法：我们对有关交叉患病率、重叠的临床和神经生物学特征以及可能的机制的出版物进行了重点审查结果：现有研究表明，SDB和ADHD同时发生率高达50%，且临床症状频繁重叠，如注意力不集中、注意力不集中等。这些病症之间的联系机制可能包括睡眠期间缺氧、睡眠碎片化和炎症激活，所有这些都可能影响大脑结构和生理机能，从而产生注意力障碍。 结论：SDB 和 ADHD 症状之间的关系似乎得到了充分支持，并表明需要进行更多研究需要更好地优化接受 ADHD 评估和/或治疗的青少年的 SDB 评估程序。