In foreign or second language (L2) classrooms, learners often vocalize when learning new words. Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that vocalization is effective for memorization and this is called the production effect (PE). Furthermore, PE has been observed in the learning of L2 word meanings as well. However, whether this can be applied to larger language items is unknown. Thus, the present study tested the effect of vocalization on learning L2 formulaic sequence (FS), a sequence of words such as collocations. To achieve this, the participants in the present study learned 90 verb–noun collocations and were tested on recognition of their forms and meanings both immediately and one week after the learning session. The result showed that vocalization enhances learning of forms and meanings of L2 FSs, and this effect is persistent over a one-week delay. This implies that PE is not affected by the nature of learned items and can be applied to larger units including L2 FSs such as collocations.

中文翻译：

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发声是否能增强 L2 公式序列学习？

在外语或第二语言 (L2) 课堂上，学习者在学习新单词时经常发声。事实上，之前的研究已经证明发声对于记忆是有效的，这被称为产生效应（PE）。此外，PE 在 L2 单词含义的学习中也得到了观察。然而，这是否可以应用于更大的语言项目尚不清楚。因此，本研究测试了发声对学习 L2 公式序列（FS）（诸如搭配等单词序列）的影响。为了实现这一目标，本研究的参与者学习了 90 种动词-名词搭配，并在学习课程后立即和一周后接受了对其形式和含义的识别测试。结果表明，发声增强了 L2 FS 的形式和含义的学习，并且这种效果在延迟一周后仍持续存在。这意味着 PE 不受学习项目性质的影响，并且可以应用于包括 L2 FS 在内的更大单元，例如搭配。