Background:Research examining the potential effects of stimulant exposure in childhood on subsequent development of substance use disorder (SUD) have focused on differences in the brain reward system as a function of risk.Methods:18 drug naïve children ages 7 to 12 years (11 High Risk [ADHD + ODD/CD]; 7 Low Risk [ADHD only]), underwent fMRI scans before and after treatment with mixed amphetamine salts, extended release (MAS-XR). We examined correlations between clinical ratings and fMRI activation at baseline and following treatment as a function of risk status.Results:High Risk children had higher activation than Low Risk children at baseline during both the Reward and Surprising Non-Reward conditions. Treatment produced strong differential effects on brain activation pertinent to group and reward outcome.Conclusions:Findings support the hypothesized role of reward mechanisms in SUD risk, and suggest that stimulant treatment may have differential effects on reward processing in relation to SUD risk.

中文翻译：

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兴奋剂治疗对患有多动症的青少年在奖励通知期间大脑激活变化的影响

背景：研究儿童时期暴露于兴奋剂对随后发生物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的潜在影响，重点关注大脑奖励系统作为风险函数的差异。方法：18 名 7 至 12 岁的未曾吸毒的儿童（11高风险 [ADHD + ODD/CD]；7 低风险 [仅 ADHD])，在使用混合安非他明盐缓释 (MAS-XR) 治疗之前和之后进行了功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 扫描。我们检查了临床评级和基线时以及治疗后的 fMRI 激活之间的相关性，作为风险状态的函数。结果：在奖励和令人惊讶的非奖励条件下，高风险儿童的基线激活程度高于低风险儿童。治疗对与群体和奖励结果相关的大脑激活产生了强烈的差异性影响。结论：研究结果支持奖励机制在 SUD 风险中的假设作用，并表明刺激性治疗可能对与 SUD 风险相关的奖励处理产生不同的影响。