This study considered whether experiencing cybervictimization is associated with increased recognition of cybervictimization intervention opportunities (i.e., witnessing others’ cybervictimization), as well as greater engagement in self-protective (e.g., changing usernames and privacy settings) and other-protective cybervictimization bystander response behaviors. We collected cross-sectional self-report data from an age-diverse ( M = 46.29 years, SD = 19.14, range = 15–93) national sample ( n = 3002). We hypothesized that: (1) personal experiences with cybervictimization would be associated with increased reports of witnessing opportunities to intervene when others are cybervictimized, greater self-reported use of active bystander behaviors in witnessed situations, and greater use of self-protective strategies; (2) We also expected that engagement in self-protective behaviors would be positively associated with engagement in other-protective bystander behaviors in response to witnessed cybervictimization. To test our hypotheses, we estimated a structural equation model wherein four latent variables were constructed: cybervictimization experienced, witnessed opportunities to intervene, engagement in self-protective behaviors, and engagement in other-protective cybervictimization bystander behaviors. As hypothesized, cybervictimization was associated with witnessing more opportunities to intervene in other’s cybervictimization, greater self-reported use of active cyber bystander behaviors, and greater engagement in self-protective strategies. However, the strength of two associations was moderated by age, with stronger relationships between cybervictimization and witnessing opportunities to intervene as well as engaging in bystander behavior for older as compared to younger participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no significant associations between use of self and other protective behaviors. Furthermore, greater witnessing of cybervictimization was associated with less engagement in bystander behavior in the final model. The implications for existing bystander intervention programs are described. Longitudinal studies of these associations in multiple age groups and among different cultural groups remain necessary.

中文翻译：

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与自我和其他保护和响应行为相关的网络受害：对不同年龄的国家样本的横断面观察

本研究考虑了经历网络受害是否与对网络受害干预机会的认识增加（即目睹他人的网络受害）以及更多地参与自我保护（例如，更改用户名和隐私设置）和其他保护性网络受害旁观者响应行为相关。我们从不同年龄（M = 46.29 岁，SD = 19.14，范围 = 15-93）全国样本（n = 3002）中收集了横截面自我报告数据。我们假设：（1）个人的网络受害经历与目击者在其他人受到网络受害时进行干预的机会增加、自我报告在目击情况下更多地使用积极的旁观者行为以及更多地使用自我保护策略有关；(2) 我们还预计，在目睹网络受害事件时，自我保护行为与旁观者的其他保护行为呈正相关。为了检验我们的假设，我们估计了一个结构方程模型，其中构建了四个潜在变量：经历过的网络受害者、目睹的干预机会、参与自我保护行为以及参与其他保护性网络受害者旁观者行为。正如假设的那样，网络受害与目睹更多机会干预他人的网络受害、更多地自我报告使用积极的网络旁观者行为以及更多地参与自我保护策略有关。然而，这两个协会的强度受到年龄的影响，与年轻参与者相比，老年人的网络受害与目击干预机会以及参与旁观者行为之间的关系更强。与假设相反，自我使用和其他保护行为之间没有显着关联。此外，在最终模型中，对网络受害者的更多目击与旁观者行为的参与较少相关。描述了对现有旁观者干预计划的影响。对多个年龄组和不同文化群体之间的这些关联进行纵向研究仍然是必要的。