A systematic review was conducted to examine the factors that put women at risk of domestic violence in Nepal. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched supplemented by searching of the reference list manually. Of the 143 studies identified 24 were included in the final review. Search strategy was developed, and studies were included if they considered female participants (age 15–49 years) in heterosexual relationship, with exposure of different factors and whose outcomes were the magnitude of any form of violence (physical, sexual, and emotional/psychological). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the studies included. The findings are categorized based on the four levels of the ecological framework. At the individual level, the alcohol consumption level of husband, education level of both women and men, women’s age at the time of marriage and childhood exposure to violence were found to be highly prevalent risk factors. At the relationship level, most prevalent risk factors were controlling husband and decision-making capacity of women. At the community level, belonging to underprivileged community or low caste system and living in Terai region were the risk factors. At the societal level, patriarchal belief and norms supporting violence were the risk factors. The complex nature of violence against women in Nepal requires culturally sensitive interventions along with organized efforts from the local and intra government to improve the status of Nepalese women at all levels of the ecological framework.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔针对妇女的家庭暴力：对风险因素的系统审查

进行了一项系统审查，以研究尼泊尔妇女面临家庭暴力风险的因素。使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA)、PubMed、Cochrane、MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 进行搜索，并通过手动搜索参考文献列表进行补充。在确定的 143 项研究中，有 24 项纳入了最终审查。制定了搜索策略，并纳入了研究，如果他们考虑异性恋关系中的女性参与者（年龄 15-49 岁），暴露不同的因素，其结果是任何形式的暴力（身体、性和情感/心理）的严重程度。 ）。混合方法评估工具用于评估纳入研究的质量。研究结果根据生态框架的四个层次进行分类。在个人层面，丈夫的饮酒水平、女性和男性的教育水平、女性结婚时的年龄以及童年时期遭受暴力的情况被发现是高度普遍的危险因素。在关系层面，最常见的危险因素是丈夫的控制力和女性的决策能力。在社区层面，属于贫困社区或低种姓制度以及居住在特莱地区是危险因素。在社会层面，支持暴力的父权信仰和规范是危险因素。尼泊尔暴力侵害妇女行为的复杂性需要对文化敏感的干预措施，以及地方和政府内部有组织的努力，以提高尼泊尔妇女在生态框架各个层面的地位。