Spatial design greatly influences fire evacuation in buildings. Although existing works have comprehensively assessed building spatial design in terms of building circulation, they overlooked how the building layout and emergency signage system affect occupants’ attention allocation during fire emergencies. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework to investigate the effectiveness of building evacuation impacted by building spatial design by integrating building information model (BIM), fire simulation, and virtual reality (VR) technology. A case study was carried out to evaluate building spatial design in terms of building circulation and emergency signage. The results demonstrated that when the signage sizes were relatively small but the spacing and placement heights were reasonable, participants were able to recognize and follow the guide. However, insufficient continuity caused the participants to waste much effort searching for helpful information on evacuation-irrelevant objects, reducing fire evacuation efficiency. Moreover, the signage placed at a higher position has a positive effect on route choice.

中文翻译：

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基于虚拟现实的模拟评估建筑消防安全设计

空间设计极大地影响建筑物的火灾疏散。尽管现有工作从建筑流线角度全面评估了建筑空间设计，但忽视了建筑布局和应急标识系统如何影响火灾紧急情况下居住者的注意力分配。因此，本文提出了一个框架，通过集成建筑信息模型（BIM）、火灾模拟和虚拟现实（VR）技术来研究建筑空间设计对建筑疏散有效性的影响。我们进行了案例研究，从建筑流通和应急标志方面评估建筑空间设计。结果表明，当标牌尺寸相对较小但间距和放置高度合理时，参与者能够识别并遵循指南。然而，连续性不足导致参与者浪费大量精力寻找与疏散无关的物体的有用信息，降低了火灾疏散效率。此外，放置在较高位置的标牌对路线选择也有积极的影响。