This paper examines the sociodigital experiences of political and religious minorities in contemporary India to understand matters of voice and power, as well as feelings of belonging, identity and citizenship. It builds out from research conducted in New Delhi between February and June 2019 during and after the Indian national elections and focuses on WhatsApp as an everyday space where Hindu nationalism is (re)produced and articulated through memes, forwarded messages, videos and political talk. In the shadow of right-wing nationalisms, it examines how civic and political relationships are being transformed. Drawing on experiences and narratives of political and religious minorities we contend that the ‘digital denizen’ represents a new digital-political subject, one who is increasingly outcaste within a global conjuncture of exclusionary politics, technological affordances and local histories of power and coercion. Digital denizenship represents the regression of citizenship which connects ways of acting and articulating within intimate and digital storytelling infrastructures shaped by the articulation and defence of ‘truth’. We show how being a digital denizen means recognising, anticipating and navigating the oppressive expressive power of exclusionary sociodigital practices in order to quietly resist difference, disorientation, danger and unbelonging in everyday life.

中文翻译：

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数字化统治：印度数字封闭和非归属感的印度教民族主义架构

本文探讨了当代印度政治和宗教少数群体的社会数字体验，以了解话语权和权力问题，以及归属感、身份和公民身份。它以 2019 年 2 月至 6 月印度全国选举期间和之后在新德里进行的研究为基础，重点关注 WhatsApp 作为一个日常空间，印度教民族主义通过模因、转发消息、视频和政治谈话（重新）生产和表达。在右翼民族主义的阴影下，它审视了公民和政治关系正在如何转变。借鉴政治和宗教少数群体的经验和叙述，我们认为“数字居民”代表了一种新的数字政治主体，在排他性政治、技术可供性以及当地权力和胁迫历史的全球形势下，他日益被排斥。数字化公民身份代表了公民身份的回归，它将在亲密的数字叙事基础设施中的行动和表达方式联系起来，这些基础设施是由“真理”的表达和捍卫所塑造的。我们展示了成为数字居民如何意味着认识、预测和驾驭排他性社会数字实践的压迫性表达力量，以静静地抵制日常生活中的差异、迷失方向、危险和不归属感。