For many years, clinical case studies that have focused on the intergenerational effects of Holocaust trauma have indicated that second-generation Holocaust survivors (SGHSs) often face relational challenges in their intimate relationships. The relational attitudes of SGHSs during childhood, as well as during adulthood, have been studied. However, only in recent years has this cohort entered the “aging adult” group. In this study, we hypothesized that well-being among Israeli aging SGHSs would be associated with parentification and with specific relational attitudes toward their adult offspring. We examined whether parentification, sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity in relationships mediated the association between family background and well-being. A total of 329 participants (60% SGHSs; 19% men) completed questionnaires tapping retrospective accounts of parentification during childhood, inflated and restricted senses of entitlement, pathological concern, relational authenticity, and subjective well-being. Aging SGHSs reported higher levels of parentification, inflated sense of entitlement toward offspring, pathological concern, lower levels of authenticity, and subjective well-being. The association between family background and subjective well-being was mediated by parentification, inflated sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity. Findings suggest that especially for aging SGHSs, childhood parentification takes a heavy toll on their sense of well-being via the hindering of a balanced sense of relational entitlement and concern and the authentic expression of self.

中文翻译：

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第二代大屠杀幸存者的老龄化与福祉：关系态度的中介作用

多年来，关注大屠杀创伤代际影响的临床案例研究表明，第二代大屠杀幸存者（SGHS）在亲密关系中经常面临关系挑战。人们对 SGHS 在童年时期和成年时期的关系态度进行了研究。然而，直到最近几年，这一群体才进入“老年人”群体。在这项研究中，我们假设以色列老年 SGHS 的幸福感与亲职以及对其成年后代的特定关系态度有关。我们研究了父母身份、关系权利感、病态关注和关系的真实性是否介导了家庭背景和幸福感之间的关联。共有 329 名参与者（60% SGHS；19% 男性）完成了调查问卷，内容涉及童年时期的亲职感、膨胀和限制的权利感、病态关注、关系真实性和主观幸福感。老龄化的 SGHS 报告称，亲子鉴定水平较高，对后代的权利意识增强，病态关注，真实性和主观幸福感较低。家庭背景和主观幸福感之间的关联是由父母身份、夸大的关系权利感、病态关注和真实性来调节的。研究结果表明，特别是对于老年 SGHS 来说，童年时期的亲子教育会阻碍关系权利和关心的平衡感以及自我的真实表达，从而严重损害他们的幸福感。