Recent work in the neoinstitutional tradition has sought to clarify the mechanisms by which global norms diffuse across the world system. Prior work highlights the role of organizational linkages between world society and the nation-state—especially international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)—in the process of spreading policies, practices, and ideas cross-nationally. Although prior empirical studies ask whether diffusion occurs, this study examines the conditions under which such effects are stronger versus weak (or absent). To do so, we use the strategic case of norm articulation in the World Health Organization (WHO) and its relationship to infectious disease prevalence across the global South. Our research design leverages variation in the extent to which issues garner attention within this intergovernmental organization. We begin by identifying four infectious diseases with variable degrees of prominence on the WHO agenda. In the descending order, they are HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy, and Guinea-worm disease. We then estimate the impact of organizational links to world society (operationalized as health INGOs) on disease prevalence and compare results across each of the four outcomes. Results support the neoinstitutional argument that diffusion is conditional on the extent to which norms are articulated in the prevailing global institution. We find that, for the most part, world society links are associated with lower rates of infectious disease. However, the size and significance of the relationship depends on a disease’s relative priority on the WHO agenda. In the absence of sufficient norm articulation, results show that integration into world society is unrelated to infectious disease prevalence.

中文翻译：

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（在）足够的制度化？世界卫生组织的规范表述和全球南方国家的传染病流行情况

新制度传统的最新研究试图阐明全球规范在世界体系中传播的机制。先前的工作强调了世界社会与民族国家之间的组织联系——特别是国际非政府组织（INGO）——在跨国传播政策、实践和思想的过程中的作用。尽管之前的实证研究询问扩散是否发生，但本研究探讨了这种效应更强与弱（或不存在）的条件。为此，我们使用了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 规范阐明的战略案例及其与全球南方传染病流行的关系。我们的研究设计利用了这个政府间组织内问题引起关注程度的变化。我们首先确定在世卫组织议程上具有不同程度重要性的四种传染病。按降序排列，它们是艾滋病毒、结核病、麻风病和麦地那龙线虫病。然后，我们估计与世界社会的组织联系（作为卫生国际非政府组织运作）对疾病患病率的影响，并比较四种结果中每一种的结果。结果支持了新制度论点，即传播取决于现行全球制度中规范的阐明程度。我们发现，在很大程度上，世界社会的联系与较低的传染病发病率有关。然而，这种关系的大小和重要性取决于疾病在世界卫生组织议程上的相对优先顺序。在缺乏足够的规范阐明的情况下，结果表明融入世界社会与传染病的流行无关。