Introduction:Executive function (EF) deficits are common in youth with ADHD and pose significant functional impairments. The extent and effect of interventions addressing EF in youth with ADHD remain unclear.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines. Included studies were randomized controlled trials of interventions to treat EF in youth with ADHD.Results:Our search returned 136 studies representing 11,443 study participants. We identified six intervention categories: nonstimulant pharmacological ( N = 3,576 participants), neurological ( N = 1,935), psychological ( N = 2,387), digital ( N = 2,416), physiological ( N = 680), and combination ( N = 366). The bulk of the evidence supported pharmacological interventions as most effective in mitigating EF, followed by psychological and digital interventions.Conclusion:A breadth of treatments exists for EF in youth with ADHD. Pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and digital interventions had the most favorable, replicable outcomes. A lack of outcome standardization across studies limited treatment comparison. More data on the persistence of intervention effects are necessary.

中文翻译：

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治疗患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的青少年的执行功能：药理学和非药理学干预措施的回顾

简介：执行功能 (EF) 缺陷在患有 ADHD 的青少年中很常见，并会造成严重的功能障碍。针对 ADHD 青少年 EF 的干预措施的程度和效果仍不清楚。方法：我们使用 PRISMA 指南进行了系统的文献综述。纳入的研究是治疗患有 ADHD 的青少年 EF 的干预措施的随机对照试验。结果：我们的检索返回了代表 11,443 名研究参与者的 136 项研究。我们确定了六种干预类别：非刺激药理学（N = 3,576 名参与者）、神经学（N = 1,935）、心理（N = 2,387）、数字（N = 2,416）、生理（N = 680）和组合（N = 366） 。大量证据支持药物干预对于缓解 EF 最有效，其次是心理和数字干预。结论：对于患有 ADHD 的青少年 EF，存在多种治疗方法。药理学、心理治疗和数字干预措施具有最有利、可复制的结果。研究之间缺乏结果标准化限制了治疗比较。需要更多关于干预效果持续性的数据。