We develop a community-based model of entrepreneurial action under value-destroying uncertainty (e.g., disasters) to formalize two well-established altruistic motivations— reciprocal opportunity belief (a “calculative” mindset of doing good with expectations of future payback) and compassionate opportunity belief (a “non-calculative” mindset of doing good without expectations of future payback)—and identify which belief and contingencies produce greater community welfare (i.e., value). Three moderating factors are considered: community size, actor’s action desirability, and welfare value increment of the community members. Our analysis shows that when the three moderating factors are large, the reciprocal opportunity belief generally produces greater community welfare than the compassionate opportunity belief; otherwise, the reverse occurs. We conclude that calculative mindset and community size go hand in hand to produce greater network effects through altruistic-venturing actions, which ultimately lead to greater community welfare. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature on the post-disaster venturing by advancing the contingency effects of altruistic motives on entrepreneurial actions to alleviate others’ sufferings and the counter-intuitive benefits of “calculative” mindset. We also stimulate a new conversation to redirect research in entrepreneurship toward the “community” as a viable unit of analysis.

中文翻译：

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计算思维的优点：基于社区的创业行为观点及其对利他冒险的影响

我们开发了一种在破坏价值的不确定性（例如灾难）下的基于社区的创业行动模型，以形式化两种行之有效的利他动机——互惠机会信念（一种做好事并期望未来回报的“计算”心态）和富有同情心的机会信念（一种做好事而不期望未来回报的“非算计”心态）——并确定哪些信念和意外事件会产生更大的社区福利（即价值）。考虑三个调节因素：社区规模、行动者的行动意愿和社区成员的福利值增量。我们的分析表明，当三个调节因素很大时，互惠机会信念通常比同情机会信念产生更大的社区福利；否则，会发生相反的情况。我们的结论是，计算思维和社区规模齐头并进，通过利他冒险行动产生更大的网络效应，最终带来更大的社区福利。我们的研究结果通过推进利他动机对减轻他人痛苦的创业行动的偶然影响以及“精算”心态的反直觉好处，为关于灾后创业的新兴文献做出了贡献。我们还激发了一场新的对话，将创业研究转向“社区”作为可行的分析单位。