Anthropogenic activities have substantially perturbed the global nitrogen (N) cycle directly through enhancing reactive N (Nr) inputs and indirectly through climate and land-use change. However, the climatic impacts of the N cycle and its feedbacks on climate change remain very uncertain. In this review, we provide an overview of the dominant pathways by which anthropogenic Nr affects the climate system and summarize the available scientific assessments. We also review the latest progress on the responses of N cycle to changing climate to understand the potential for feedbacks between the N cycle and climate. With the urgent need to reduce Nr in the future to alleviate its negative environmental impacts, e.g. air pollution and eutrophication, we highlight the importance for bridging disciplines of atmospheric chemistry, ecology, and climatology to improve the scientific understanding and develop cobenefits for both environmental protection and climate change mitigation.

中文翻译：

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人为驱动的氮循环扰动及其与气候变化的相互作用

人类活动直接通过增加反应性氮 (Nr) 输入，并通过气候和土地利用变化间接扰乱了全球氮 (N) 循环。然而，氮循环的气候影响及其对气候变化的反馈仍然非常不确定。在这篇综述中，我们概述了人为 Nr 影响气候系统的主要途径，并总结了现有的科学评估。我们还回顾了氮循环响应气候变化的最新进展，以了解氮循环与气候之间反馈的潜力。由于未来迫切需要减少 Nr 以减轻其对环境的负面影响，例如空气污染和富营养化，我们强调弥合大气化学、生态学和气候学学科的重要性，以提高科学认识并为环境保护创造协同效益和减缓气候变化。