Heavy metals are now persistently present in living things' environments, in addition to their potential toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilize . to determine the biological effects induced by different heavy metals including cadmium chloride (CdCl), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4.5 HO), and silver nitrate (AgNO). experiments were conducted utilizing three low and environmentally relevant concentrations from 0.01 to 0.5 mM under single and combined exposure scenarios on larvae. The endpoints measured included viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and genotoxic effects using Comet assay and the wing-spot test. Results indicated that tested heavy metals were not toxic in the egg-to adult viability. However, combined exposure (CdCl+AgNO and CdCl+AgNO+CuSO 4.5 HO) resulted in significant genotoxic and unfavorable consequences, as well as antagonistic and/or synergistic effects on oxidative damage and genetic damage.

中文翻译：

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黑腹果蝇单一和混合暴露于环境污染物重金属（镉、银和铜）的遗传毒性反应

重金属除了具有潜在的毒性外，现在还持续存在于生物的环境中。因此，本研究的目的是利用 . 确定不同重金属（包括氯化镉 (CdCl)、五水合硫酸铜 (II) (CuSO·4.5 H2O) 和硝酸银 (AgNO)）引起的生物效应。在幼虫的单一和组合暴露场景下，使用 0.01 至 0.5 mM 的三种低且与环境相关的浓度进行了实验。使用彗星测定和翼斑测试测量的终点包括活力、活性氧 (ROS) 生成和基因毒性效应。结果表明，测试的重金属对卵到成虫的生存能力没有毒性。然而，联合暴露（CdCl+AgNO 和 CdCl+AgNO+CuSO·4.5 H2O）会导致显着的遗传毒性和不利后果，以及对氧化损伤和遗传损伤的拮抗和/或协同作用。