Epilepsy is a very common neurological disease, and it is important to focus on both controlling seizures and alleviating the psychological problems associated with this disease.Anxiety is an important risk factor for epilepsy and seriously affects the quality of life of patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, several risk factors for anxiety in PWE are relatively controversial and understudied. This meta-analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for anxiety in PWE with the aim of reducing the incidence of anxiety and improving the quality of life among the individuals. The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched up to July 2023 to find eligible original English studies. All the search results were reviewed based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We calculated the combined odds ratios (ORs), standard mean differences (SMDs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of the included risk factors on anxiety in PWE. Twenty-four studies involving 5,403 PWE were ultimately included. The pooled results of our meta-analysis showed that female sex (OR = 1.67; 95 % CI: 1.30,2.15; p < 0.001), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR = 0.83; 95 % CI: 0.72,0.96; p = 0.011), low socioeconomic status (OR = 0.47; 95 % CI: 0.33,0.67; p < 0.001), education levels below high school (OR = 1.74; 95 % CI: 1.36,2.23; p < 0.001), a history of trauma (OR = 2.53; 95 % CI: 1.69,3.78; p < 0.001), monotherapy (OR = 0.49; 95 % CI: 0.39,0.62; p < 0.001), AED-induced psychiatric side effects (OR = 2.45; 95 % CI: 1.20,4.98); p = 0.014), depression (OR = 5.45 95 % CI: 2.49,11.94; p < 0.001), a history of suicide (OR = 3.56; 95 % CI: 1.72,7.38; p = 0.001), and illness-related shame (OR = 2.76; 95 % CI: 2.17,3.52; p < 0.001) were risk factors for anxiety. This meta-analysis showed that female, unmarried, low socioeconomic status, education level below senior high school, a history of trauma, monotherapy, AED-induced psychiatric side effects, depression, a history of suicide, and shame were risk factors for anxiety in PWE. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of other potential risk factors on anxiety in PWE. In addition, most of the studies included in this meta-analysis were not uniform in scale, and the risk factors were not comprehensive; therefore, larger prospective studies in different countries are needed to further investigate these risk factors.

中文翻译：

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癫痫患者焦虑的危险因素：荟萃分析

癫痫是一种非常常见的神经系统疾病，控制癫痫发作和缓解与该疾病相关的心理问题非常重要。焦虑是癫痫的重要危险因素，严重影响癫痫患者的生活质量（PWE） 。然而，PWE 中焦虑的几个危险因素相对有争议且研究不足。这项荟萃分析旨在确定 PWE 中焦虑的潜在危险因素，旨在降低焦虑的发生率并提高个体的生活质量。截至 2023 年 7 月，系统检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库，以查找符合条件的原始英文研究。所有搜索结果均根据我们的纳入和排除标准进行审查。我们计算了综合比值比 (OR)、标准均差 (SMD) 及其相应的 95% 置信区间 (CI)，以评估所包含的风险因素对 PWE 焦虑的影响。最终纳入了涉及 5,403 名 PWE 的 24 项研究。我们荟萃分析的汇总结果显示，女性（OR = 1.67；95 % CI：1.30,2.15；p < 0.001）、未婚/离婚/丧偶（OR = 0.83；95 % CI：0.72,0.96；p = 0.011），社会经济地位低（OR = 0.47；95 % CI：0.33,0.67；p < 0.001），高中以下教育水平（OR = 1.74；95 % CI：1.36,2.23；p < 0.001），有创伤（OR = 2.53；95 % CI：1.69,3.78；p < 0.001）、单一疗法（OR = 0.49；95 % CI：0.39,0.62；p < 0.001）、AED 引起的精神副作用（OR = 2.45；95） % CI: 1.20,4.98); p = 0.014）、抑郁症（OR = 5.45 95 % CI：2.49,11.94；p < 0.001）、自杀史（OR = 3.56；95 % CI：1.72,7.38；p = 0.001）以及与疾病相关的羞耻感（OR = 2.76；95% CI：2.17,3.52；p < 0.001）是焦虑的危险因素。这项荟萃分析显示，女性、未婚、社会经济地位较低、高中以下教育水平、创伤史、单一疗法、AED引起的精神副作用、抑郁、自杀史和羞耻是焦虑的危险因素。 PWE。然而，还需要进一步研究来确定其他潜在危险因素对 PWE 焦虑的影响。此外，本次荟萃分析纳入的大多数研究规模不统一，危险因素也不全面；因此，需要在不同国家进行更大规模的前瞻性研究来进一步调查这些风险因素。