L, renowned for its ornamental and medicinal attributes, holds significant economic value attributed to its distinct biochemical constituents. A pivotal element within this plant, picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenoid alkaloids (PSAs), exhibits noteworthy anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. However, research on understanding the genes involved in PSAs biosynthesis in is very limited. This study provides a quality-enhanced 1.19-Gb genome of , featuring a contig N50 of 10.01 Mb, located on 19 chromosomes and encompassing 31,672 protein-coding genes. A comparative genomic analysis reveals expanded gene families within , and the implications of these expanded families on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were further considered. By incorporating a multifaceted analysis, including researches on gene expansion, tandem duplication, phylogeny, and gene clusters, incorporating the transcriptomics data based on four different expression profiles in , the critical candidate genes involved in PSAs biosynthesis were successfully identified. Further implementation of weighted gene co-expression network analysis allowed the identification of 10 transcription factors as potential regulators during PSAs biosynthesis. This study provides valuable insights and genomics resources to elucidate further the evolution and biosynthesis of specialized PSAs, specifically dendrobine.

中文翻译：

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高质量的钗石斛染色体水平参考基因组。为吡咯烷型倍半萜生物碱的生物合成和积累提供了新的见解

L以其观赏和药用特性而闻名，因其独特的生化成分而具有显着的经济价值。这种植物中的关键成分是吡咯烷型倍半萜生物碱 (PSA)，具有显着的抗高血压、抗癌、镇痛和解热特性。然而，了解参与 PSA 生物合成的基因的研究非常有限。这项研究提供了质量增强的 1.19-Gb 基因组，其重叠群 N50 为 10.01 Mb，位于 19 条染色体上，包含 31,672 个蛋白质编码基因。比较基因组分析揭示了内部扩展的基因家族，并进一步考虑了这些扩展的家族对次生代谢物生物合成的影响。通过综合多方面的分析，包括基因扩展、串联复制、系统发育和基因簇的研究，结合基于四种不同表达谱的转录组学数据，成功鉴定了参与PSA生物合成的关键候选基因。进一步实施加权基因共表达网络分析，确定了 10 个转录因子作为 PSA 生物合成过程中的潜在调节因子。这项研究提供了宝贵的见解和基因组学资源，以进一步阐明专门的 PSA（特别是石斛碱）的进化和生物合成。