Self-directed violence (SDV), including both suicide and non-suicidal self-injury, represents a major challenge for carceral systems. Persistent self-injury (PSI) is an understudied SDV subtype, especially within the carceral context. The present study addressed three research questions: (a) do naturally occurring SDV subgroups occur within a carceral population (e.g., PSI versus other classes); (b) how SDV groups may be differentiated by verbal or behavioral SDV; and (c) whether demographic, mental health, and incarceration-related factors are associated with SDV subgroups. We conducted a secondary analysis of existing data from a statewide carceral electronic medical record ( = 3527). Latent class analysis supports two SDV subtypes: episodic and persistent self-injury. The PSI class was characterized by significantly greater verbal expressions and behavioral acts of SDV compared to the episodic group. Correlates of the PSI subtype included older age, male sex, prior SDV, and lower depressive symptoms. Findings are discussed with respect to the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual self-injury focused disorder, influential factors on SDV in carceral settings, and recommendations for future research and practice.

中文翻译：

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被监禁成年人持续自伤的潜在特征和社会心理相关性

自我导向暴力（SDV），包括自杀和非自杀性自伤，是监狱系统面临的一项重大挑战。持续性自伤 (PSI) 是一种尚未得到充分研究的 SDV 亚型，尤其是在监狱环境中。本研究解决了三个研究问题：(a) 自然发生的 SDV 亚群是否发生在监狱人群中（例如，PSI 与其他类别）？(b) 如何通过言语或行为 SDV 来区分 SDV 群体；(c) 人口、心理健康和监禁相关因素是否与 SDV 亚组相关。我们对全州监狱电子病历 (= 3527) 的现有数据进行了二次分析。潜在类别分析支持两种 SDV 亚型：偶发性自伤和持续性自伤。与情景组相比，PSI 类别的特点是 SDV 的言语表达和行为行为显着增强。PSI 亚型的相关因素包括年龄较大、男性、既往 SDV 和较低的抑郁症状。讨论的结果涉及拟议的《诊断和统计手册》中的自伤聚焦障碍、监狱环境中 SDV 的影响因素以及对未来研究和实践的建议。