Abstract

Background

Rural settlements are undergoing significant changes under the rapid urbanisation, and understanding their evolution characteristics and surrounding land use will provide a basis for land spatial planning. This study takes Pingnan County, Fujian Province, China as study area, reveals the characteristics of spatial–temporal evolution and surrounding land use transition of settlements during 1985–2020 through landscape metrics, spatial “hot spot” analysis, scale classification statistics, rank-size model, Gini index, land use transition matrix.

Results

The results show that: (1) Concerning the size and morphological characteristics, the settlements have witnessed a considerable increase in number and scale while remaining stable in shape. (2) Regarding spatial distribution characteristics, the settlements became more evenly spread, forming three main hotspot clusters. (3) Concerning scale structure characteristics, there are significant differences in scale, growth rates, and polarisation of settlements; the polarisation of large settlements shifted from a marked divergence before 2010 to a more balanced trend after 2010. (4) The land use transition around settlements differed in buffer zones and periods. During 1985–2010, settlement expansion heavily depended on cropland, depleting nearby resources, with an increase of woodland and grassland. During 2010–2020, expansion integrated cropland, woodland, and grassland, with cropland growth mainly encroaching on woodland and grassland.

Conclusions

The study's findings are significant for optimising rural settlement structure in mountains and promoting sustainable land resource use.

中文翻译：

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山区县乡村聚落时空演变与土地利用转型

摘要

背景

快速城市化进程下乡村聚落正在发生显着变化，了解其演变特征和周边土地利用将为国土空间规划提供依据。本研究以福建省屏南县为研究区，通过景观指标、空间“热点”分析、尺度分类统计、排序等方法，揭示1985—2020年聚落时空演变及周边土地利用转型特征。规模模型、基尼指数、土地利用转变矩阵。

结果

结果表明：（1）从规模和形态特征来看，聚落数量和规模都有较大增加，但形态保持稳定。（2）从空间分布特征看，聚落分布更加均匀，形成三大热点集群。（3）从规模结构特征来看，聚落规模、增长率、两极分化存在显着差异；大型聚落的两极分化从2010年之前的明显分化转向2010年之后更加均衡的趋势。（4）聚落周围土地利用转型存在缓冲区和时期差异。1985年至2010年间，定居点扩张严重依赖耕地，导致附近资源枯竭，林地和草地不断增加。2010-2020年，耕地、林地、草地的扩张一体化，耕地的增长主要侵占林地和草地。

结论

研究结果对于优化山区乡村聚落结构、促进土地资源可持续利用具有重要意义。