Lysine crotonylation is a newly identified posttranslational modification that is different from the widely studied lysine acetylation in structure and function. In the last dozen years, great progress has been made in lysine crotonylation-related studies, and lysine crotonylation is involved in reproduction, development, and disease. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between lysine crotonylation and lysine acetylation. We also summarize the methods and tools for the detection and prediction of lysine crotonylation. At the same time, we outline the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of enzymatic and metabolic regulation of lysine crotonylation, as well as the regulating factors that selectively recognize this modification. Particularly, we discussed how dynamic changes in crotonylation status maintain physiological health and result in the development of disease. This review not only points out the new functions of lysine crotonylation but also provides new insights and exciting opportunities for managing various diseases.

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赖氨酸巴豆酰化在健康和疾病中的作用和机制

赖氨酸巴豆酰化是一种新发现的翻译后修饰，在结构和功能上不同于广泛研究的赖氨酸乙酰化。近十几年来，赖氨酸巴豆酰化相关研究取得了很大进展，赖氨酸巴豆酰化与生殖、发育和疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们强调了赖氨酸巴豆酰化和赖氨酸乙酰化之间的异同。我们还总结了赖氨酸巴豆酰化检测和预测的方法和工具。同时，我们概述了赖氨酸巴豆酰化酶促和代谢调节机制的最新进展，以及选择性识别这种修饰的调节因素。特别是，我们讨论了巴豆酰化状态的动态变化如何维持生理健康并导致疾病的发展。该综述不仅指出了赖氨酸巴豆酰化的新功能，而且为治疗各种疾病提供了新的见解和令人兴奋的机会。