Seeking inspiration from different legal systems in order to solve common policy problems is a core enterprise of comparative law. However, dominant understandings in comparative law and regulatory theory about how norms, rules, and formal institutions move across borders are increasingly inadequate in the face of modern transnational policy challenges. Solving transnational problems requires regulatory innovation, complex coordination, and even competition among private and public actors in multiple jurisdictions, as well as much faster policy responses than most countries can achieve either domestically or multilaterally. Accelerating solutions to emerging transnational problems therefore demands a new focus within comparative law on how transnational legal innovation works and how to leverage its benefits faster on both a global and local scale. This Article proposes a conceptual framework to ground this effort—a “network innovation” model of transnational law formation. Building on earlier literatures on legal transplant, policy diffusion, institutional change, and transnational legal ordering, as well as studies of firm-level innovation, this approach recognizes that new norms, rules, and other institutions are sourced from, coordinated by, and transmitted through transnational networks of public and private actors. Moving beyond prior literatures, however, it views transnational law formation as an aggregating process of innovation where the resulting outputs are the complex product of multiple experimental sites and sources. This approach offers a more accurate descriptive account of transnational regulatory change and points to network innovation processes as central to solving common or collective transnational problems. This Article illustrates the proposed framework with case studies of efforts to build sustainable financial systems. It concludes by suggesting strategies to accelerate network innovation and considering how this theoretical paradigm might inform new directions in comparative law.

中文翻译：

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超越移植：跨国监管变革的网络创新模式

从不同的法律体系中寻求灵感以解决共同的政策问题是比较法的核心事业。然而，面对现代跨国政策挑战，比较法和监管理论中关于规范、规则和正式制度如何跨境流动的主流理解日益不足。解决跨国问题需要监管创新、复杂的协调，甚至多个司法管辖区的私人和公共行为者之间的竞争，以及比大多数国家在国内或多边方面能够实现的更快的政策反应。因此，加速解决新出现的跨国问题需要在比较法中重新关注跨国法律创新如何发挥作用以及如何在全球和地方范围内更快地利用其效益。本文提出了一个概念框架来支撑这一努力——跨国法律形成的“网络创新”模式。这种方法以早期关于法律移植、政策扩散、制度变迁和跨国法律秩序的文献以及企业层面创新的研究为基础，认识到新的规范、规则和其他制度源自、协调和传播。通过公共和私人行为者的跨国网络。然而，它超越了先前的文献，将跨国法律的形成视为一个创新的聚合过程，其中产生的输出是多个实验地点和来源的复杂产物。这种方法提供了对跨国监管变化的更准确的描述性说明，并指出网络创新过程是解决共同或集体跨国问题的核心。本文通过建立可持续金融体系的案例研究来阐述拟议的框架。最后，它提出了加速网络创新的策略，并考虑了这种理论范式如何为比较法提供新的方向。