Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is globally one of the major causes of hospitalization and mortality. Severe CAP (sCAP) presents great challenges and need a comprehensive understanding of its long-term outcomes. Cardiovascular events and neurological impairment, due to persistent inflammation and hypoxemia, contribute to long-term outcomes in CAP, including mortality. Very few data are available in the specific population of sCAP. Multiple studies have reported variable 1-year mortality rates for patients with CAP up to 40.7%, with a clear influence by age, comorbidities, and disease severity. In terms of treatment, the potential protective role of macrolides in reducing mortality emphasizes the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy. This narrative review explores the growing interest in the literature focusing on the long-term implications of sCAP. Improved understanding of long-term outcomes in sCAP can facilitate targeted interventions and enhance posthospitalization care protocols.

社区获得性肺炎（CAP）是全球范围内导致住院和死亡的主要原因之一。严重 CAP (sCAP) 带来了巨大的挑战，需要全面了解其长期结果。持续炎症和低氧血症导致的心血管事件和神经损伤会导致 CAP 的长期结果，包括死亡率。sCAP 特定人群的可用数据非常少。多项研究报告 CAP 患者的 1 年死亡率高达 40.7%，年龄、合并症和疾病严重程度有明显影响。在治疗方面，大环内酯类药物在降低死亡率方面的潜在保护作用强调了适当的经验性抗生素治疗的重要性。这篇叙述性评论探讨了人们对关注 sCAP 长期影响的文献日益增长的兴趣。提高对 sCAP 长期结局的了解可以促进有针对性的干预措施并加强住院后护理方案。