Following the development of gender medicine in the past 20 years, more recently in the field of oncology an increasing amount of evidence suggests gender differences in the epidemiology of cancers, as well as in the response and toxicity associated with therapies. In a gender approach, critical issues related to sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations must also be considered. A working group of opinion leaders approved by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) has been set up with the aim of drafting a shared document on gender oncology. Through the ‘consensus conference’ method of the RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) variant, the members of the group evaluated statements partly from the scientific literature and partly produced by the experts themselves [good practice points (GPPs)], on the following topics: (i) Healthcare organisation, (ii) Therapy, (iii) Host factors, (iv) Cancer biology, and (v) Communication and social interventions. Finally, in support of each specific topic, they considered it appropriate to present some successful case studies. A total of 42 articles met the inclusion criteria, from which 50 recommendations were extracted. Panel participants were given the opportunity to propose additional evidence from studies not included in the research results, from which 32 statements were extracted, and to make recommendations not derived from literature such as GPPs, four of which have been developed. After an evaluation of relevance by the panel, it was found that 81 recommendations scored >7, while 3 scored between 4 and 6.9, and 2 scored below 4. This consensus and the document compiled thereafter represent an attempt to evaluate the available scientific evidence on the theme of gender oncology and to suggest standard criteria both for scientific research and for the care of patients in clinical practice that should take gender into account.

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性别肿瘤学：意大利肿瘤内科协会 (AIOM) 的建议和共识

随着过去 20 年性别医学的发展，最近在肿瘤学领域，越来越多的证据表明癌症流行病学以及与治疗相关的反应和毒性方面存在性别差异。在性别方法中，还必须考虑与性少数群体 (SGM) 相关的关键问题。意大利肿瘤内科协会（AIOM）批准成立了一个意见领袖工作组，旨在起草一份关于性别肿瘤学的共享文件。通过兰德/加州大学洛杉矶分校 (UCLA) 变体的“共识会议”方法，小组成员评估了部分来自科学文献、部分由专家自己制作的陈述 [良好实践点 (GPP)]，以下主题：(i) 医疗机构，(ii) 治疗，(iii) 宿主因素，(iv) 癌症生物学，以及 (v) 沟通和社会干预。最后，为了支持每个具体主题，他们认为介绍一些成功的案例研究是适当的。共有42篇文章符合纳入标准，从中提取了50条推荐。小组参与者有机会从未包含在研究结果中的研究中提出额外的证据，从中提取了 32 条陈述，并提出非来自 GPP 等文献的建议，其中有 4 条已经制定。专家组对相关性进行评估后发现，81 项建议得分 >7，3 项得分在 4 到 6.9 之间，2 项得分低于 4。本共识和随后编制的文件代表了评估现有科学证据的尝试。性别肿瘤学的主题，并为科学研究和临床实践中的患者护理提出应考虑性别的标准标准。