Fungal infections are increasing globally, causing alarmingly high mortality and economic burden. In addition to antifungal resistance, other more subtle drug responses appear to increase the likelihood of treatment failures. These responses include heteroresistance and tolerance, terms that are more well-defined for antibacterial drugs, but are also evident in pathogenic fungi. Here, we compare these antifungal responses with similarly named antibacterial responses, and we review recent advances in how we understand the routes by which antifungal heteroresistance and tolerance emerge.

中文翻译：

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超越耐药性：真菌病原体的抗真菌异质耐药性和抗真菌耐受性

全球真菌感染正在增加，造成惊人的高死亡率和经济负担。除了抗真菌耐药性之外，其他更微妙的药物反应似乎也会增加治疗失败的可能性。这些反应包括异质抗性和耐受性，这些术语对于抗菌药物来说有更明确的定义，但在病原真菌中也很明显。在这里，我们将这些抗真菌反应与类似命名的抗菌反应进行比较，并回顾了如何理解抗真菌异质耐药性和耐受性出现途径的最新进展。