The diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been generated in germinal centers. Other findings suggest that humans are among those species where GALT supports the diversification, propagation, and possibly selection of systemic B cells. Here, we review novel findings that identify GALT as distinctive, and able to support these processes.

中文翻译：

---

肠道相关淋巴组织：微生物驱动的 B 细胞免疫枢纽

多样化的肠道微生物群与粘膜健康和总体健康相关，使肠道相关淋巴组织 (GALT) 维持在长期激活状态，包括在高抗原负荷的情况下维持生发中心。这会影响 B 细胞与抗原结合的规则以及潜在的后果。最近的数据强调了 GALT 和其他淋巴组织之间的差异。例如，GALT 传播针对聚糖的 IgA 反应，这些聚糖显示出在生发中心产生的迹象。其他研究结果表明，人类属于 GALT 支持全身 B 细胞多样化、繁殖和可能选择的物种之一。在这里，我们回顾了新的发现，这些发现将 GALT 视为独特的，并且能够支持这些过程。