Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both and that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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疾病中的线粒体：形状和动力学的变化

线粒体结构通常决定这些高度动态、多功能的真核细胞器的功能，这对于维持细胞健康至关重要。线粒体的动态性质在不同线粒体形状[例如，甜甜圈、巨线粒体（MG）和纳米隧道]和嵴动力学的描述中是显而易见的。本综述探讨了线粒体形态动态变化以及线粒体和嵴形状调节因子的重要性。我们专注于跨组织类型的研究，还描述了用于检测线粒体形态的新显微镜技术，这可以提高对线粒体结构的理解。我们强调了调节线粒体形态的潜在治疗益处，并讨论了恢复线粒体生物能以管理与线粒体功能障碍相关的疾病的前瞻性途径。