Ecological intensification (EI) provides an important and increasingly adopted pathway for achieving more sustainable agricultural systems. However, the implementation and success of on‐farm EI practices may vary depending on landscape context and local management practices. We evaluated how EI interventions, including two different agricultural input regimes (high or low use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers) and floral border crops, affected local natural enemy biodiversity, pest abundance and crop yield, and how this was influenced by the surrounding landscape context across 12 rice fields on smallholder farms in Puducherry, India. Reducing agricultural inputs positively impacted the overall natural enemy assemblage; however, responses to landscape factors varied. For example, coccinellid beetles were negatively correlated with higher densities of field edges (landscape configuration). In contrast, spiders, the most abundant group surveyed, were not significantly influenced by any landscape metric. Furthermore, pest abundance was greatest in fields with reduced inputs but only at sites where floral border crops were not present. Mean rice grain yield was lower across low‐input sites compared with high‐input sites and floral border crops had opposing effects across high‐ and low‐input sites. At low‐input sites, mean yields were 33% higher where floral border crops were present. At high‐input sites, the presence of floral border crops was correlated with a lower mean yield (16%). These findings show that ecological intensification practices can benefit smallholder crop systems but highlight the need to account for variations in landscape context and local management practices for developing effective sustainable management practices.

中文翻译：

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花卉边境作物在小农水稻生产中的效益取决于农艺投入和景观环境

生态集约化（EI）为实现更可持续的农业系统提供了一条重要且日益被采用的途径。然而，农场 EI 实践的实施和成功可能会因景观环境和当地管理实践而异。 我们评估了EI干预措施，包括两种不同的农业投入制度（大量或少量使用合成农药和化肥）和边境花卉作物，如何影响当地天敌生物多样性、害虫丰度和作物产量，以及周围景观背景如何影响这一因素印度本地治里小农农场的 12 片稻田。 减少农业投入对天敌总体结构产生积极影响；然而，对景观因素的反应各不相同。例如，瓢虫与较高密度的田地边缘（景观配置）呈负相关。相比之下，蜘蛛作为调查中数量最多的群体，并没有受到任何景观指标的显着影响。此外，在投入减少的田地中，害虫丰度最高，但仅限于不存在花卉边境作物的地区。 与高投入地点相比，低投入地点的稻米平均产量较低，而花边作物在高投入和低投入地点的影响相反。在低投入地区，种植花卉边境作物的平均产量高出 33%。在高投入地区，花卉边境作物的存在与较低的平均产量相关（16%）。 这些发现表明，生态集约化实践可以使小农作物系统受益，但强调需要考虑景观环境和当地管理实践的变化，以制定有效的可持续管理实践。