Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect a broad range of animal species and has been associated with severe disease in some taxa. Few studies have evaluated optimal strategies to mitigate the risk to susceptible zoo animals. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a protein-based veterinary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SpikeVet™) in zoo animals. Two to three doses of SpikeVet™ were administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously 3–4 weeks apart to 354 zoo animals representing 38 species. SpikeVet™ was very well tolerated across all species. Minor adverse effects were observed in 1.69% of animals vaccinated, or 1.04% of vaccine doses administered. Preliminary immunogenicity analyses in representative carnivores (meerkats, lions) and an artiodactylid (domestic goat) showed SpikeVet™-immunized animals developed serum antibodies able to neutralize a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the vaccine-homologous Wuhan and Mu variants, as well as vaccine-heterologous Omicron BA.2 and XBB.1 strains. Prior to vaccination, all eight lions were seropositive for Wuhan strain by surrogate viral neutralization testing, suggesting past infection with SARS-CoV-2 or cross-reactive antibodies generated by another closely related coronavirus. These results from a range of zoo species support the ongoing development of SpikeVet™ as a safe and effective veterinary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

中文翻译：

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基于佐剂重组刺突蛋白的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 疫苗 SpikeVet™ 在澳大利亚动物园的选定食肉目动物、灵长类动物和偶蹄类动物中的安全性和免疫原性

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 可感染多种动物物种，并与某些类群的严重疾病有关。很少有研究评估减轻动物园易感动物风险的最佳策略。本研究评估了基于蛋白质的兽用 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗 (SpikeVet™) 在动物园动物中的安全性和免疫原性。对代表 38 个物种的 354 只动物园动物进行两到三剂 SpikeVet™ 肌肉注射或皮下注射，间隔 3-4 周。SpikeVet™ 在所有物种中均具有良好的耐受性。1.69% 的接种动物或 1.04% 的疫苗剂量出现轻微不良反应。对代表性食肉动物（猫鼬、狮子）和偶蹄类动物（家山羊）的初步免疫原性分析表明，经过 SpikeVet™ 免疫的动物产生的血清抗体能够中和一系列 SARS-CoV-2 变体，包括疫苗同源的 Wu 变体和 Mu 变体，以及疫苗异源 Omicron BA.2 和 XBB.1 菌株。在接种疫苗之前，通过替代病毒中和测试，所有八只狮子均呈武汉毒株血清阳性，这表明过去曾感染过 SARS-CoV-2 或另一种密切相关的冠状病毒产生的交叉反应抗体。来自一系列动物园物种的这些结果支持 SpikeVet™ 作为安全有效的兽用 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的持续开发。