Many studies focus on problematic peer functioning in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but loneliness has been studied less. This paper examined (1) The loneliness level differences between young people (below 25 years old) with ADHD and those without ADHD, and (2) The association between loneliness and mental health difficulties in young people with ADHD. Six electronic databases were searched and 20 studies were included. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out in RStudio using the metafor package for the first question, while a narrative synthesis summarized the findings for the second question. The meta-analysis ( n = 15) found that young people with ADHD reported significantly higher loneliness than those without ADHD, with a small-to-medium weighted pool effect (Hedges’ g = 0.41) and high heterogeneity ( I2 = 75.1%). For the second question ( n = 8), associations between loneliness and mental health difficulties in ADHD was found ( r = 0.05–0.68). Targeted research and interventions on loneliness in young people with ADHD is needed.

中文翻译：

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患有多动症的年轻人的孤独感：系统回顾和荟萃分析

许多研究关注注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）中的同伴功能问题，但对孤独的研究较少。本文研究了（1）患有 ADHD 的年轻人（25​​ 岁以下）与未患 ADHD 的年轻人之间的孤独程度差异，以及（2）患有 ADHD 的年轻人的孤独感与心理健康问题之间的关系。检索了 6 个电子数据库并纳入了 20 项研究。在 RStudio 中使用 metafor 包对第一个问题进行了随机效应荟萃分析，而叙述性综合则总结了第二个问题的结果。荟萃分析 ( n = 15) 发现，患有 ADHD 的年轻人比没有 ADHD 的年轻人表现出明显更高的孤独感，具有中小加权池效应 (Hedges' g = 0.41) 和高度异质性 ( I2= 75.1%）。对于第二个问题（n = 8），发现多动症患者的孤独感和心理健康困难之间存在关联（r = 0.05-0.68）。需要对患有多动症的年轻人的孤独感进行有针对性的研究和干预。