In this study, we assessed the larvicidal activity of aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves and roots of Plantago major L. and Plantago lagopus L. on fourth instar Culex pipiens L. larvae. Plant material was collected from two regions in Tunisia, Beja and Bizerte. The resulting extracts were prepared at concentrations of 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm. The toxicity of the extracts was monitored over a 24-hour period. Our findings indicated that leaf extracts from Plantago lagopus L. collected in Bizerte exhibited higher toxicity compared to those collected in Beja up to 12 h, although these differences became insignificant at the 24-hour mark. Furthermore, extracts from the roots of Plantago lagopus L. from Bizerte demonstrated higher toxicity than those from Beja. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (P = 0.056) in the toxicity of leaf extracts at 100 ppm between the two species after 24 h of exposure. The root extracts exhibited lower toxicity, resulting in mortality rates ranging from 40 to 70% after 24 h. Specifically, the leaf extracts of Plantago major L. from Bizerte yielded a median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 16.068 ppm ± 8.440. Additionally, the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids revealed distinct variations between species, plant organs, and geographical origins. Root and leaf extracts from Plantago major L. collected in Beja exhibited higher concentrations compared to those from Bizerte. Conversely, root extracts from Plantago lagopus L. collected in Bizerte displayed the highest concentrations. These preliminary findings provide a foundation for the development of a novel natural biocide for mosquito control, utilizing the distinct larvicidal properties of Plantago species extracts.

在本研究中，我们评估了从车前草和蓝兔车前草叶和根中获得的水提取物对第四龄淡色库蚊幼虫的杀幼虫活性。植物材料是从突尼斯的两个地区贝雅和比塞大收集的。所得提取物的浓度为 10、20、50 和 100 ppm。提取物的毒性在 24 小时内进行监测。我们的研究结果表明，在 12 小时内，与在贝雅收集的叶提取物相比，在比塞大收集的车前子叶提取物表现出更高的毒性，尽管这些差异在 24 小时后变得不显着。此外，比塞大的车前子根提取物比贝雅的提取物具有更高的毒性。统计分析显示， 暴露 24 小时后，两个物种之间 100 ppm 叶提取物的毒性没有显着差异 ( P = 0.056)。根提取物的毒性较低，24 小时后死亡率为 40% 至 70%。具体而言，来自比塞大的车前草叶提取物的中位致死浓度 (LC ₅₀ ) 为 16.068 ppm ± 8.440。此外，总多酚和类黄酮的定量揭示了物种、植物器官和地理起源之间的明显差异。与来自比塞大的相比，在贝雅收集的车前子的根和叶提取物的浓度更高。相反，在比塞大收集的车前子根提取物的浓度最高。这些初步研究结果为利用车前子物种提取物独特的杀幼虫特性开发用于控制蚊子的新型天然杀生物剂奠定了基础。