Local medical systems (LMS) include native and exotic plants used for the treatment of diseases of physical and spiritual nature. The incorporation of exotic plants into these systems has been the subject of many studies. In this context, an analysis was conducted on the influence of the origin of plants on diseases of physical and spiritual nature in order to evaluate the therapeutic versatility of native and exotic species in these therapeutic targets, to investigate whether exotic plants mainly fill gaps not met by native plants (diversification hypothesis), and identify which species are prioritized in the redundant targets in these two therapeutic groups in the rural community of Morrinhos, Monsenhor Hipólito, Piauí. Data collection took place in 2 stages. First, free lists and semi-structured interviews with local residents (n = 134) were conducted to survey plants used for therapeutic purposes and the associated illnesses. Then, another phase of interviews was carried out to evaluate the prioritization between native and exotic plants in redundant therapeutic targets. To test the diversification hypothesis (DH) in each group of illnesses, data were analyzed using generalized linear models (Poisson and Binomial GLMs); versatility was measured by the number of therapeutic indications and compared between resources using the Mann–Whitney test, and prioritization in each group was verified by comparing the proportions of native and exotic plants with the χ2 test. One hundred and thirty-two species of plants were surveyed, being 71 exotic and 61 native, with indications for physical and spiritual illnesses. The results revealed that the diversification hypothesis did not explain the inclusion of exotic plants in the local medical system to treat physical or spiritual illnesses and that the therapeutic versatility of exotic and native resources in the two groups was also similar (p > 0.05). However, exotic plants were prioritized in illnesses with physical causes and native plants in illnesses with spiritual causes. The local medical system presents similar and distinct patterns in the therapeutic targets, depending on the perspective evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the patterns of use of medicinal plants in different sociocultural contexts in order to broaden the debate about the role of plant origin in the selection of treatments for illnesses with different causes.

中文翻译：

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巴西东北部皮奥伊半干旱地区外来植物和本土植物对身体和精神疾病的影响

当地医疗系统（LMS）包括用于治疗身体和精神疾病的本地和外来植物。将外来植物纳入这些系统已成为许多研究的主题。在此背景下，对植物起源对身体和精神疾病的影响进行了分析，以评估本地和外来物种在这些治疗目标中的治疗多功能性，以调查外来植物是否主要填补了未满足的空白本土植物（多样化假说），并确定皮奥伊州 Morrinhos、Monsenhor Hipólito 农村社区这两个治疗组的冗余目标中优先考虑哪些物种。数据收集分两个阶段进行。首先，对当地居民（n = 134）进行免费清单和半结构化访谈，以调查用于治疗目的的植物和相关疾病。然后，进行了另一阶段的访谈，以评估冗余治疗靶点中本地植物和外来植物之间的优先顺序。为了检验每组疾病的多样化假设 (DH)，使用广义线性模型（泊松和二项式 GLM）对数据进行了分析；通过治疗适应症的数量来衡量多功能性，并使用曼-惠特尼检验在资源之间进行比较，并通过使用 χ2 检验比较本地和外来植物的比例来验证每组的优先顺序。研究人员对 132 种植物进行了调查，其中 71 种是外来植物，61 种是本土植物，这些植物都具有身体和精神疾病的迹象。结果显示，多样化假说并不能解释当地医疗系统中包含外来植物来治疗身体或精神疾病，并且两组中外来和本地资源的治疗多功能性也相似（p > 0.05）。然而，外来植物优先用于治疗具有身体原因的疾病，而本土植物则优先用于治疗具有精神原因的疾病。根据评估的角度，当地医疗系统在治疗目标方面呈现出相似和不同的模式。因此，有必要研究药用植物在不同社会文化背景下的使用模式，以扩大关于植物来源在选择不同原因疾病的治疗方法中的作用的争论。