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Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449263
C. Saffe , P. Miquelarena , J. Alacoria , E. Martioli , M. Flores , M. Jaque Arancibia , R. Angeloni , E. Jofré , J. Yana Galarza , E. González , A. Collado

Aims. We explore different scenarios to explain the chemical difference found in the remarkable giant-giant binary system HD 138202 + CD−30 12303. For the first time, we suggest how to distinguish these scenarios by taking advantage of the extensive convective envelopes of giant stars.Methods. We carried out a high-precision determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying a full line-by-line differential analysis on GHOST high-resolution spectra. We used the FUNDPAR program with ATLAS12 model atmospheres and specific opacities calculated for an arbitrary composition through a doubly iterated method. Physical parameters were estimated with the isochrones package and evolutionary tracks were calculated via MIST models.Results. We found a significant chemical difference between the two stars (Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.08 dex), which is largely unexpected considering the insensitivity of giant stars to planetary ingestion and diffusion effects. We tested the possibility of engulfment events by using several different combinations of stellar mass, ingested mass, metallicity of the engulfed object and different convective envelopes. However, the planetary ingestion scenario does not seem to explain the observed differences. For the first time, we distinguished the source of chemical differences using a giant-giant binary system. By ruling out other possible scenarios such as planet formation and evolutionary effects between the two stars, we suggest that primordial inhomogeneities might explain the observed differences. This remarkable result implies that the metallicity differences that were observed in at least some main-sequence binary systems might be related to primordial inhomogeneities rather than engulfment events. We also discuss the important implications of finding primordial inhomogeneities, which affect chemical tagging and other fields such as planet formation. We strongly encourage the use of giant-giant pairs. They are a relevant complement to main-sequence pairs for determining the origin of the observed chemical differences in multiple systems.

中文翻译:

使用 GHOST 解开化学差异的根源

目标。我们探索了不同的场景来解释在非凡的巨巨星双星系统 HD 138202 + CD−30 12303 中发现的化学差异。我们首次建议如何利用巨星广泛的对流包层来区分这些场景。方法。我们通过对 GHOST 高分辨率光谱进行全线逐线微分分析,对恒星参数和丰度进行了高精度测定。我们使用 FUNDPAR 程序与 ATLAS12 模型大气和通过双重迭代方法计算任意成分的特定不透明度。使用等时线包估计物理参数,并通过 MIST 模型计算进化轨迹。结果。我们发现两颗恒星之间存在显着的化学差异(Δ[Fe/H]∼0.08 dex),考虑到巨星对行星吞噬和扩散效应的不敏感性,这在很大程度上是出乎意料的。我们通过使用恒星质量、吞噬质量、被吞没物体的金属丰度和不同对流包层的几种不同组合来测试吞没事件的可能性。然而,行星摄入情景似乎并不能解释观察到的差异。我们第一次使用巨巨双星系统区分了化学差异的来源。通过排除其他可能的情况,例如行星形成和两颗恒星之间的进化效应,我们认为原始的不均匀性可能可以解释观察到的差异。这一显着的结果意味着,至少在一些主层序双星系统中观察到的金属丰度差异可能与原初不均匀性有关,而不是与吞没事件有关。我们还讨论了发现原始不均匀性的重要意义,它影响化学标记和行星形成等其他领域。我们强烈鼓励使用巨巨对。它们是主序列对的相关补充,用于确定多个系统中观察到的化学差异的起源。
更新日期:2024-02-26
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